WHAP UNIT 7.8 Mass Atrocities

Genocide

(Attempted) killing of an ethnic/religious/racial group

Lost Generation

Suffering from shock, lost sense of security, hopelessness from world wars and Great Depression

International Responses

UN replaced League to promoted international peace

• UN peacekeepers

• ICC

WWII Casualities

40-50M casualties, deadliest

Influenza of 1918

Soldiers return home = influenza pandemic

Japan

Asia for Asiatics: JPN conquers Asia

• Rape of Nanking: Killed CHN civillians/soldiers in Sino-JPN war

• Concentration Camps: labor programs/military/public works/comfort women/prostitutes for soldiers

Rwanda

BLG colonizers treated minority Tutsis better than majority Hutus, so after independence, Hutu gov’s prejudice leads to Tutsi rebellions that were crushed

Darfur

Janjaweed: Non-arab revel groups → Arab militants destroy villages of non-Arab Muslim Africans = 1M displaced to Chad

• ICC: charges President Omar al-Bashir w/ war crimes

USSR

Famine of Ukraine: Collectivized agriculture increased industrial power in exchange for peasants destroying crops/livestock > turning them in

Bosnia: Genocide during the Yugoslav Wars, particularly against Bosniak Muslims by Siobodan Milosevics (Serbian nationalists)

• Balkanization: Yugoslavia disintegrates

Armenian Genocide

Turkey: K’s - M’s of (Christian) Armenians killed in ethnic cleansing + Syrian camps = starvation/disease/execution b/c allegedly joined Russian army

Holocaust

The systematic extermination 6 million Jews + millions more minorities by Nazi Germany during World War II

• Final Solution: Belief that genocide was necessary for restoration of European purity

• SS: Secret police kills all Jews, gassing, mass graves

• Concentration Camps: Auschwitz + Treblinka + Dachau

Firebombing

By Allies in Dresden + Hamburg

USA

Nuclear weapons in Hiroshima and Nagasaki