Biology Lecture Notes Review

Flashcards based on lecture notes covering genetic terms, cell organelles, transport mechanisms, and biotic/abiotic factors.

What is the definition of heterzygous?

Different alles

What is the definition of homozygous?

Same alles

What is the role of the Nucleus?

Controls the cell activities (Contains DNA.)

What is the function of the Vacude/lysomes?

help Store and digest materials

What is the function of Ribosomes?

Makes Proteins:

What is the definition of Osmosis?

movement of water from high to low concentration through Cell membrane.

What is the function of the Cell membrane?

What leaves and enters the Cell

What is the definition of Diffusion?

Particles moving from high to low: Concentration:

What does the term Abiotic mean?

non living

What does the term Biotic mean?

Living

What is the difference between plants and animals regarding the cell wall?

Plants have cell wall - Animals don't have a Cell wall

Mitosis

Produces body cells(same cells.)

Meiosis

Different cells(sex cells.)

DNA

Contain instructions for protein is the structure.

What does Meiosis have

Gamete’s/sperm/egg and genetic variation

What does Mitosis have

Identical cells

Phenotype

Physical Appearance

Chromosomes

Made of DNA

Variation

Helps population grow

Sexual reproduction

Involves both parents

Asexual reproduction

One parent identical offspring

Biodiversity

Variety of living organisms in a ecosystem

Biotic living examples are

Plants,animals,bacteria

Abiotic non living examples are

Sunlight, trees, temperature

How much energy goes a up a energy pyramid and why

10% goes up the energy pyramid because the heat getting transferred

Limiting factors

Controlling population size

What happens if a limiting factor scares

Population decrease

Symbiosis

Close relationship between species

Competition

Organisms fight over resources

Predator/prey

One eats another

Mutualism

Both benefit

Commensalism

One benefit other is unaffected

Parasitism

One benefits other is harmed

Matters of cycles

Water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle.

Decomposers

Breaks down dead organisms for example (fungi no bacteria)

Circulatory system

Transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and wastes.

Respiratory system

Brings oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide.

Digestive system

Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients.

Excretory system

Removes metabolic wastes.

Nervous system

Controls body responses and sends signals to the nerves.

Homeostasis

Maintains stable internal conditions.

Heart

Pumps the blood in the body

Kidneys

Remove waste from the body

Circulatory system organ?

Heart

Respiratory system organ?

Lungs

Excretory system organ?

Kidneys

Nervous system organ?

Brain

Evolution

The change in a population traits over time

Adaption

A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce

Individuals

Do not evolve, populations evolve over time.

Natural selection

Helps survival, helpful traits and reproduce more.

Variation what does it help for

Helps organisms survive changes

Evolution happens

Over many generations. Helpful traits become more common over time.

ASE

Means enzymes

Anaerobic respiration

Provides without ATP less oxygen

Aerobic Respiration

ATP uses

Natural selection

Helps survival helpful traits reproduce more

Chloroplast

A specialized membrane bound organelle found in plant and algae cells

Genetic variation

Variety of inherited traits

Inheritance

Comes from both parents

Chlorophyll

The primary green pigment thats found in plants, algae, and Cyanobacteria

Recessive

Trait when both alle are present

Adaption

A trait that helps an organism survive

Photosynthesis

Process when plants, algae and certain bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy

Evolution

The change in a population traits over time happens over many generations

Individuals

Do not evolve populations evolve over time.

Carrying capacity

Maximum of a population size

Prokaryotic

No nucleus and no mitochondria

Eukaryotic

Nucleus and mitochondria

Insulin

Hormones

Elements

Contain different enzymes

Organic compounds

Both need carbohydrates and proteins

All enzymes

Proteins

Active transport

Energy

Cellular respiration

Contains in the mitochondria

Insulin

Hormones

Active transport

Low to high concentration uses energy

Cellular respiration

Occurs in the mitochondria

Lipids

Fatty acids and glycerol

Cells are surrounded by?

By a cell membrane

Asexual reproduction

Does not involve the fusion of gametes

Nitrogen

Found in plants

We take in

Oxygen carbon dioxide glucose and release ATP enegy.