All theorists media studies edequas

A-level

Media Lang: Semiotics Barthes

How syntagms are created through paradigmatic choices (signifier and signified)

Media Lang: Narratology Todorov

Nearly all stories follow a linear structure. Equilibrium, disruption, recognition, attempt to repair and new equilibrium.

Media Lang: Genre Theory Neale

Neale argued that genre films are a balance between repetition and difference. The repeated elements form the basis for genre classification, whilst the differences help keep the genre fresh and appealing to the audience. Too much of each bad.

Media Lang: Structuralism Levi-Strauss

Signifiers cannot be understood in isolation, underlying networks of relations that give those signifiers meaning.

Media Lang: Postmodernism Baudrillard

Modern world, what something represents has become more important than what it actually is.

Rep: Stuart Hall rep theory

Media often use stereotypes which reduce groups to a limited amount of characteristics. Stereotypes come from powerful hegemonic groups.

Rep: Theories of Identity Gauntlett

We pick or choose parts of the media to construct identity.

Rep: Feminist theory Zoonen

Ideas of gender through discourse, influenced by context, patriarchal mass media reinforce male dominance by sexualizing women. Gender is construct.

Representation: Feminist theory Hooks

Same as Van zoonen but the representation of women can differ based on the social group. EG Tide represents lots of white women and lacks other social groups

Rep: Gender performativity Butler

Gender is a fluid construct that we preform.

Rep: Post colonial theory Gilroy

We are influenced by our colonial ideas of hierarchy and otherness.

Media Industries: Power and Media industries Curran and Seaton

Curran and Seaton claimed that the media are controlled by a small number of companies driven by profit and power

Media Industries Regulation Livingstone and Lunt

Struggle with protecting the audience from dangerous and allowing freedom to view content.

Media Industries: Cultural industries Hesmondhalgh

Companies want to minimise risk and maximise profit

Audiences: Media effects Bandura

Media directly implant ideas and effect behavior.

Audiences: Cultivation theory Gerbner

Repeated media messages changes how we view the world

Audiences: Reception theory Hall

Audiences can have three readings: Preferred, negotiated and oppositional.

Audiences: Fandom Jenkins

Audiences can now engage rather then just be passive

End of audience theory Shirkey

The traditional mass media model of "professional producers and amateur consumers" is obsolete (prosumers)

Richard Dyer’s star theory

The star is a construction, commodity and ideology