chapter 26 western civ

A major lesson Hitler learned from the Spanish Civil War was

.the deep reluctance of Britain and France to see another European war

About six months after the Munich conference, Hitler invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia and achieved his first conquest of territory without a significant German population by

annexing Bohemia and Moravia and establishing a puppet regime in Slovakia.

After the Nazis invaded Russia, Allied forces opened a second front in Europe during the summer of 1943, when they invaded

Italy.

By June 1941, Hitler was ready to ready to pursue his ultimate goals and fulfill his conception of Germany's national destiny

by launching Operation Barbarossa and the invasion of the Soviet Union.

By the end of 1940, the British had successfully contested the Germans' attempt to control the skies over Britain,

and German bombing virtually ceased.

Contributing to the weakness of the League of Nations was the fact that

Germany, the Soviet Union, and the United States were not members

Defeated by the Germans, northern France was occupied and its southern region and territories fell under the leadership of the First World War hero

.Marshal Philippe Pétain.

From the late 1930s until 1941, when Germany seized a large territory that had a numerous Jewish population, the German war on the Jews concentrated on emigration, not extermination, with a plan to send Europe's Jews to

Madagascar.

Hitler's stated objective in the 1930s was to reunite all ethnic Germans within his Third German Reich. His first move toward accomplishing this objective was _____________, which did not draw a military response from Britain or France.

the reoccupation of the Rhineland

In 1941, Romania, Hungary, and _________ joined Hitler's Germany as allies of the Nazis.

Bulgaria

It was not only the Germans who tortured and murdered eastern European Jews but also groups of

Polish villagers.

On July 26, 1945, the governments of the United States, Britain, and China jointly called on Japan to surrender or be destroyed. When the Japanese government refused,

.the United States decided unilaterally to use the atomic bomb

One of the causes of the start of another world war was the impotence of the League of Nations and its failure to

.

create lasting and binding standards for peace and security.

Organized resistance groups formed immediately in 1939 in Poland in the face of harsh German rule. By 1942, the largest underground resistance movement in Europe was

the Polish Home Army.

The Allies' attempt to negotiate with the fascists at several points in the hopes that they could maintain the peace has become known as

appeasement."

The German forces in Europe began to retreat in the summer of 1944, but in December 1944 they launched a devastating attack, known as the Battle of _________.

the Bulge

The Republicans' loss in the Spanish Civil War, alongside the failure of France and Britain to uphold their obligations to preserve the international order guaranteed by the Versailles peace treaty, led Stalin to believe

it best to sign the Hitler-Stalin pact to preserve the Soviet Union from immediate war

The Treaty of Versailles created smaller new states in eastern Europe that

increased the influence of the United States in European affairs.

The crises of the 1930s resulted from a blend of violent nationalism and modern ideologies that glorified the nation and national destiny above all else. This blend, particularly in the forms of fascism and militarism, was recognized as a central motivation for

the Berlin-Rome-Tokyo Axis.

The economic nationalism that inflamed international tensions and even internal relations stemmed from

b.the Great Depression.

The largest Jewish resistance came in the spring of 1943 at

.the Warsaw ghetto.

The largest battle in history may have been fought in the summer of 1943 at

Kursk.

The leader of the MOST powerful Yugoslavian resistance group during the war was

Josib Broz (Tito).

The mid-1930s saw two non-European tests for the League of Nations: Mussolini's invasion of Ethiopia and

.Japan's aggression against China.

To solve some of its economic problems, Germany was allowed to

.rearm after 1935.

To whom does the term Untermenschen refer?

It referred to the "subhuman" racial categories of Jews, Gypsies, and Slavs marked for murder by Nazi officials in occupied Europe

When Germany invaded Russia, following German front-line troops into the country were military death squads charged with dealing with undesirable individuals among the conquered peoples. These squads were called

Einsatzgruppen.

Which description best characterizes the Vichy government's treatment of France's Jewish population?

selective enforcement of racial laws based on political affiliation

Why did Neville Chamberlain presume that the agreements at the Munich conference would satisfy Hitler's ambitions?

.It allowed Hitler to unify all ethnic Germans in one state, satisfying German ambitions

troops first entered and occupied Berlin at the end of the war.

.Soviet