Medical Microbio bacteria

i HATE ai

Staphylococcus aureus

GPC

Found: Skin and mucosal surface

Causes: Wound infections, superficial wound infection (e.g., impetigo, scalded skin), bacteremia, toxic shock syndrome

Tests: Cat. (+), Coag./Staphaurex -SpA- (+), MRSA (variable)

Staphylococcus saphrophyticus

GPC

Found: Normal on skin

Causes: Female UTI, bacteremia of indwelling devices

Tests: Cat. (+), coag./Staphaurex (-), Novobiocin (R)

Staphylococcus epidermidis

GPC

Found: Normal on skin

Causes: wound infection if deep or numerous

Tests: Cat (+), Coag./Staphaurex (-), Novobiocin (S)

Staphylococcus lugdunensis

GPC

Causes: Superficial wound infection

Tests: Cat. (+), Coag./Staphaurex (-), Novobiocin (S)

Micrococcus

GPC

Colony: yellow, gamma hemolytic

Rothia mucilaginosa

GPC

Colony: Mucoidy, sticky white colonies

Found: Normal oropharynx

Note: Common contaminant

Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS)

GPC

Colony: orange if grown anaerobically

Found: Normal in female genital and GI tract

Causes : UTI, soft tissue infection, neonatal invasive disease

Tests: CAMP (+), Lancefield group test (B), Hippurate hydroylsis (+)

Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)

GPC

Found: Normal in nasopharnyx

Causes : Pharyngitis, skin infection, nectrotizing fasciitis, Toxic shock

Tests: PYR +, Lancefield group test (A), Hippurate hydrolysis (-)

Streptococcus anginosus group (GFS)

GPC

Colony: butterscotch smell, canophilic

Causes: Abscesses

Tests: Lancefield group test (F)

Streptococcus C, G

GPC

Causes: C - pharyngitis, G - pharyngitis with underlying malignancies

Tests: Lancefield group tests

Streptococcus pneumoniae

GPC

Causes: Pneumoniae, bacteremia, sinusitus, meningitis

Tests: Bile (sol.), optochin (R)

Note: Antibiotic resistance to betalactams

Streptococcus viridans, mutans, bovis, mitis

GPC

Found: Normal in upper respiratory tract, female genital tracts, GI tract, skin

Causes: Mutans - endocartitis, Bovis - colon cancer

Enterococcus

GPC

Found: normal in GI tract

Causes: UTI, bacteremia, wound infection, endocartitis

Tests: PYR +, Cat. -, 6.5% NaCl +

Bacteriodes Spp.

GNR anaerobe

Colony: Pleomorphic stain

Found: normal in gut

Fusobacterium nucleatum

GNR anaerobes

Colony: Long, spindle-shaped rods with bread-crumb colonies. Yellow under UV

Causes: brain abscesses (preceding sinusitis)

Fusobacterium necrophorum

GNR anaerobe

Colony: Worm looking rods, fried egg colonies
Causes: Jugular clots, lemierre's syndrome

Prevotella Spp.

GNR anaerobe

Colony: May darken within a week

Found: Oral, vaginal, GI

Causes: Periodonitis, female UTI, bacteremia

Prophyromonas Spp.

GNR anaerobe

Colony: May darken within in a week

Found: Oral and gut

Causes: involved in poly-microbial infection

Veillnoella Spp.

GNC anaerobe

Found: Normal oral and gut

Cutibacterium acne

GPR* anaerobe (Aerotolerant anaerobe)

Colony: Spidery bacteria

Found: Normal on skin

Causes: Acne

Actinomyces Spp.

GPR anaerobe

Colony: beaded filamentous rod, molar tooth colonies

Found: Normal oral and GI tract

Causes: Lumpy jaw, abcesses

Clostridrium perfringens

GPR anaerobe

Colony: Box car, short rods

Causes: Food poisoning, gas gangrene, alpha toxin (cell membrane damage), theta toxin (pore forming toxin)

Clostridium botulinum

GPR anaerobe

Causes: Botulism (botulism toxin binds nerve ending vesicles in muscles)

Tests: PCR, Mouse bioassay, media culture

Clsotridium tetani

GPR anaerobe

Causes: tetanus (tetani toxin binds to neuromuscular junctions causing lock up)

Tests: clinical diagnosis

Clostridiodes difficule

GPR anaerobe

Causes. C. diff infection

Tests: PCR

Bacillus anthracis

GPR (anaerobe)

Colony: Bamboo GPR, Medusa heads on BA

Causes: Cutaneous anthrax (internal, external lesions), inhalational anthrax (spread via macrophage from lungs)

Tests: Non-motile, doxy and cirpo susceptible

Corynebacterium diptheriae

GPR (anaerobe)

Colony: Short clubbed rods

Causes: Respiratory diptheriae

Test: Cat. +, Non motile, Tinsdale +, Elek +, PCR

Corynebacterium jeikeium

GPR (anaerobe)

Found: normal on skin

Causes: infection of indewelling devices

Note: Lipophilic

Corynebacterium urealyticum

GPR (anaerobe)

Causes: UTI

Tests: Urease +

Cornyebacterium kroppenstedii

GPR (anaerobe)

Note: Lipophilic

Listeria monocytogenes

GPR (anaerobe)

Found Vagina and GI tract

Colony: Short GPRs

Tests: beta hemolytic, CAMP +

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum

Pleomorphic anaerobe

Found: Normal in vagina

Tests: beta hemolytic, CAMP +

Note: Slow growing

Gardnerella vaginalis

GP cocobacilli (anaerobe)

Found: Normal in vagina

Tests: Cat. -, Non motile

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

GPR (anaerobe)

Colony: Thin rods

Causes: wound infections

Tests: TSI (H2S+), non-motile, vancomyocine R

Lactobacillus Spp.

GPR anaerobe

Colony: Thin rods, alpha hemolytic

Normal in mouth, GI tract and genital tract

Nocardia Spp.

GP Branching rods (aerobe)

Colony: chalky, dry

Causes: Brain infection

Tests: partially acid fast

Rhodococcus equi

Pleomorphic aerobe

Colony: Salmon pink, young = coccobacilli, old = cocci

Tests: partially acid fast

Dietzia cinnamea

GP pleomorphic aerobe

Colony: Orange-red colonies, Young = cocci, old = rodsDi

Streptomyces, actinomadura, nocariopsis spp.

Pleomorphic GP aerobe

Colony: May be branching or beaded rods, or short filaments

Causes: actinomycetoma (skin lesions with sulfur granules inside)

Leptotrichia Spp.

Gram variable rods (anaerobes)

Colony: Pencil-like, thin rods

Tests: Molecular ID as they can be mistaken for other things

Vibrio cholerae

GNR (anaerobe)

Causes: Rice stool

Tests: TCBS culture yellow

Vibrio vulnificus

GNR (anaerobe)

Causes: Wound infection (necrotizing fasciitis), Septicemia

Tests: TCBS culture green

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

GNR (anaerobe)

Causes: Gastroenteritis, wound and eye infection

Tests: TCBS culture green

Note: From leech bites

Aeromonas Spp.

GNR (anaerobe)

Causes: wound infection, septicemia and meningitis

Test: Glucose +, Oxidase +, non lactose fermenting

Campylobacter Spp. (Jejuni and Fetus)

GNCB (Microaerophilic)

Colony: S. rods, flat grey moist colonies

Causes: Jejuni - gastroenteritis, Fetus - Blood culture contaminant

Tests: Ox. +, Charcoal plate growth

Acinetobacter Spp. (Baumanii)

GNCB (aerobe)

Colony: Smooth, opaque colonies (can be small and dry tho)

Causes: UTI, pneumoniae, bronchitis, endocarditis

Tests: Carbapenem R, Ox. -, Non motile, Glucose Ox.

Pseudomonas aruginosa

GNR (aerobe)

Colony: Long rods, Green metallic sheen, Pyoverdin (UV pigment)

Found: Normal in stool

Causes: Pneumoniael, Cystic fibrosis, Bacteremia, Endocarditiis, UTI, Swimmer's ears, Wound infection

Strenotrophomonas Spp.

GNR (aerobe)

Colony: Long rods, lavendar on BA

Causes: Endocarditis

Tests: Ox. -, Glucose Ox +, motile

Burkdolera Spp.

GNCB (aerobe)

Haemophilus influenzae

GNR (anaerobe)

Colony: Grows on CA, Requires X (hemin) + V (NAD)

Causes: Meningitis, pinkeye, sinusitus

Tests: No growth on BA, growth with X + V

Haemophilus parainfluenzae

GNR (anaerobe)

Colony: Grows on CA, Requires V (NAD)

Tests: No growth on BA, growth with V

Haemophilis decreyi

GNR (anaerobe)

Colony: Grows on CA, requires X (hemin)

Tests: No growth on BA, growth with X

Causes: chancaroid STI

Eikenella corrodens

GNR (anaerobe)

Colony: Slender GNRs

Found: Normal in mouth

Causes: Pathogen of bite wounds

Tests: Cat. -, Ox. +

Pasteurella multicoda

GNR (anaerobe)

Colony: Bipolar staining

Causes: Pathogen of bite wounds

Tests: Cat. +, Ox. +, Indole +

Capnocytophaga Spp. (C. Canimorsus)

GNR (Capnophilic)

Colony: Thin GNRs

Found: Normal in mouth

Causes: Septicemia, C. canimorsus causes life-threatening bite infections

Burkholderia Spp.

(Bur. mallei, pseudomallei, cepacia)

GNR (anaerobe)

Colony: Small GNRs, wrinkled colonies

Causes: Bur. mallei - Glanders, Bur. Pseudomallei - Meliodosis, Bur. cepacia - CF patients

Tests: Ox. +, Grows on MA

Escherichia coli

GNR, anaerobe, enterobacteriaceae

Colony: Beta hemolytic

Causes: Meningititis, UTI, Bacteremia

Test: Lactose fermenting, indole +

Klebsiella Spp.

GNR, anaerobe, enterobacteriaceae

Causes: Normal in gut, UTI

Test: Non-motile, indole variableEnte

Enterobacter Spp.

GNR, anaerobe, enterobacteriaceae

Found: Normal in gut, hospital pathogen

Causes: UTI, pneumonia

Tests: Lactose fermenting

Citrobacter Spp.

GNR, anaerobe, enterobacteriaceae

Causes: isolate cause UTI, endocarditis, neonata meningitis

Tests: H2S+, variable lactose fermenting

Morganella and Providencia Spp.

GNR, anaerobe, enterobacteriaceae

Test: Non lactose fermenting

Serratia Spp.

GNR, anaerobe, enterobacteriaceae

Colony: Non hemolytic, pink colonies

Tests: Slow lactose fermenter

Proteus Spp.

GNR, anaerobe, enterobacteriaceae

Colony: Swarming motility, non hemolytic

Causes: UTI

Test: Motile, Non lactose fermenting, urease +, H2S +, Indole +

Note: Mirabilis - indole negative, ornithine positive; Vulgaris - indole positive, ornithine negative

Salmonella Spp.

GNR, anaerobe, enterobacteriaceae

Causes: typhoid fever, gastroenteritis, food poisoning

Test Non lactose fermenting, H2S+

Shigella Spp.

GNR, anaerobe, enterobacteriaceae

Causes: Shigellosis

Tests: Non lactose fermenting, motility -, H2S-, Citrate-

Note: MOLDITOF not reliable

Yersinia Spp.

GNR, anaerobe, enterobacteriaceae

Causes Pestis - plague, Enterocolitica - Mesenteric lymphadenitis, Pseudotuberculosis - Gastroenteritis

Tests: MOLDITOF not reliable