Networking Practice Flashcards

Comprehensive flashcards covering networking protocols, ports, Wi-Fi standards, hardware, IP addressing, and troubleshooting based on the lecture notes.

What protocol is compared to "Certified Mail" because it is reliable, connection-oriented, and resent if missing?

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

Which protocol is compared to "Regular Mail" and is used when speed is prioritized over accuracy?

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

What protocol is used for network checkups, connectivity tests (ping), and reported error messages?

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)

Which protocol finds the MAC address on a local network when the IP address is known?

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

What are the two specific port numbers used by FTP (File Transfer Protocol) for commands and file data?

Port $21$ for commands/control and Port $20$ for file data

Which protocol provides encrypted remote command-line access on TCP Port $22$?

SSH (Secure Shell)

Identify the legacy, insecure remote command-line protocol that uses TCP Port $23$.

Telnet

What protocol uses DNS MX records to send and relay outgoing email on TCP Port $25$?

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

Which port numbers are used by DNS for fast lookups and reliable tasks respectively?

UDP $53$ for fast lookups and TCP $53$ for reliable tasks (zone transfers)

Identify the server and client port numbers used by DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol).

Port $67$ for the server and Port $68$ for the client

What is the standard TCP port for POP3 and its secure version POP3S?

TCP Port $110$ for POP3 and Port $995$ for POP3S

Which protocol manages emails on a server and keeps them synced across devices on TCP Port $143$?

IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)

Which protocol monitors and manages network devices using UDP Ports $161$ and $162$?

SNMP (Simple Network Monitor Protocol)

What protocol is used for looking up users and devices for authentication on TCP Port $389$?

LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)

Which port is used by HTTPS for secure, encrypted web browsing?

TCP Port $443$

Identify the protocol used for Windows file and printer sharing on TCP Port $445$.

SMB (Server Message Block)

What is the TCP port number used by RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) for graphical access to a Windows desktop?

TCP Port $3389$

What is the term for variable latency that results in "shaking" or robotic audio in communications?

Jitter

What is the term for a measurement of delay on a network that can cause video streams to freeze?

Latency

What is the term for the actual amount of data that successfully travels from one point to another over a specific period?

Throughput

Which Wi-Fi standard (Wi-Fi $1$) became popular due to low cost and supports a $11$ Mbps PHY rate at $2.4$ GHz?

802.11b

What modulation technique is used by 802.11a to split channels into subcarriers for parallel data processing?

OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)

Which $2.4$ GHz channels are traditionally used to reduce interference from overlap?

Channels $1$, $6$, and $11$

Which technology introduced in 802.11n allows multiple antennas to handle multiple simultaneous data streams?

MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output)

What is the theoretical maximum PHY rate for 802.11ac (Wi-Fi $5$)?

$6.9$ Gbps

Which 802.11ax feature improves efficiency by splitting a channel into smaller resource units for multiple clients?

OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)

What modulation method is introduced in Wi-Fi $7$ (802.11be) that packs $12$ bits of data into each symbol?

$4096$-QAM ($4K$-QAM)

What Wi-Fi $7$ feature allows a device to use multiple frequency bands simultaneously for increased speed and reduced latency?

MLO (Multi-Link Operation)

Which Bluetooth class has a maximum range of $100$ m ($328$ ft) and is used in industrial systems?

Class $1$

What is the maximum functional range for NFC (Near Field Communication) technology?

Up to $10$ cm ($4$ in)

What authentication method is used by WPA3 to protect against dictionary and brute-force password attacks?

SAE (Simultaneous Authentication of Equals)

In a DNS zone file, which record type is used to map a hostname specifically to an IPv4 address?

A (Address) Record

In a DNS zone file, which record type is used to map a hostname specifically to an IPv6 address?

AAAA (Quad-A) Record

Which DNS record allows one hostname to point to another hostname as an alias?

CNAME (Canonical Name) Record

What is the sequence of the DHCP process?

DORA (Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge)

Which centralized logging protocol uses UDP/TCP Port $514$ to collect event messages from network devices?

Syslog

What does the AAA framework stand for in network security?

Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting

Which server synchronizes time for network devices using UDP Port $123$?

NTP (Network Time Protocol)

What protocol prevents switching loops in a network by blocking redundant paths?

STP (Spanning Tree Protocol)

Which device converts digital computer signals into analog telephone signals for internet access over RJ11 lines?

Modem

What device connects fiber optic cables to electrical wiring by converting optical signals to electrical signals?

ONT (Optical Network Terminal)

What is the technical term for the router's IP address used by local devices to communicate with external networks?

Default Gateway

What is the IPv4 address range reserved specifically for testing and experimental purposes?

Class E ($240-255$ range)

What is the CIDR prefix for a network with the subnet mask $255.255.255.0$?

$$/24$$

Which range is used for APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing) in IPv4?

$$169.254.0.0-169.254.255.255$$

What is the loopback address for IPv6?

$$::1$$

Which Windows command-line utility is used to refresh DHCP leases?

ipconfig /release and ipconfig /renew

Which troubleshooting command uses ICMP Echo Requests to verify Layer $3$ connectivity?

ping

What utility lists active network connections and can show which application is using a specific port with the -b flag?

netstat

What hardware tool is used to trace a wire through a wall by using a tone generator and an inductive amplifier?

Toner Probe

What wiring standard is described by the mnemonic "Green Owls Bring Brown"?

T568A

What is the maximum distance for a copper Ethernet cable run before it requires a repeater?

$100$ meters ($328$ ft)

Which fiber optic connector is square-shaped and uses a push-pull snap locking mechanism?

SC Connector (Subscriber Connector)

What term describes when a switch port opens and closes very quickly, causing connectivity to drop?

Port Flapping