Dalton's Atomic Theory and Periodic Table Concepts

These flashcards cover essential concepts from Dalton's Atomic Theory and various aspects of the periodic table, helping students review important definitions and principles.

What does Dalton's Atomic Theory state about matter?

All matter is made up of very small particles.

According to Dalton's Atomic Theory, what can be said about atoms?

All atoms are indivisible; they cannot be created or destroyed.

What are cathode rays?

Streams of negatively charged particles that travel in straight lines from the cathode to the anode.

What is the definition of an energy level in an atom?

The fixed energy value that an electron can have.

What is the ground state of an atom?

The state in which the electrons occupy the lowest available energy levels.

What is the excited state of an atom?

The state in which electrons have absorbed energy and occupy higher energy levels than in the ground state.

What does Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle state?

It is impossible to know both the velocity and the position of an electron at the same time.

What is an orbital?

A region in space within which there is a high probability of finding an electron.

What is a sublevel in the context of electron energy levels?

A subdivision of a main energy level that contains electrons of the same energy.

How is an element defined?

As a substance that cannot be split up by chemical means.

What is a triad in chemistry?

A group of three elements with similar chemical properties.

What are Newlands Octaves?

Groups of elements arranged so that the first and eighth element of each group have similar properties.

What is Mendeleev's Periodic Law?

When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic weight, their properties display a periodic pattern.

What is the atomic number of an atom?

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

How is the modern Periodic Table arranged?

It is arranged based on increasing atomic number.

What is the mass number of an element?

The sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

What are isotopes?

Atoms of the same element that have different mass numbers due to varying numbers of neutrons.