Cell Organelles Practice Flashcards

A comprehensive collection of vocabulary-style flashcards based on the lecture notes about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell organelles and their specific functions.

prokaryotic cell

The simpler type of cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

eukaryotic cell

More complex type of cell which contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A highly folded membrane structure outside the nucleus which takes in proteins and lipids to modify and sort them.

Nucleus

contains a eukaryotic cell 's DNA.

nuclear pore

passageway for molecules into and out of the nucleus.

nucleolus

area inside nucleus which specifically makes ribosomes from RNA and protein.

Golgi apparatus

A series of stacked, flattened membranes which takes material from the ER and further modifies and sorts it.

Lysosome

Gets rid of or recycles waste by using digestive enzymes to break down molecules.

Vacuole

Stores materials within the cell.

Mitochondria

Site of cellular respiration in which convert chemical energy from food into the energy molecule ATP.

Vesicle

Small membrane-enclosed structure which transports materials in the cell.

Central Vacuole

Large vacuole filled with water (and other things) and supports plant cell structure by exerting pressure on the cell wall.

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis in plants where they capture light energy and use it to make food (i.e. glucose).

Cell Wall

Found on the outside of the cell membrane which provides a cell with structure and protection.

Cell membrane (plasma membrane)

Outer boundary of the cell which regulates the passage of materials into and out of the cell.

Cytosol

The thick solution portion of cytoplasm.

Cytoplasm

Everything inside the cell membrane minus the nucleus.

cytoskeleton

network of protein fibers that help maintain cell shape and can aid in cell movement.

Ribosome

Puts amino acids together to make proteins.

Flagellum

A long, whiplike structure that helps a cell to move.

Four things prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in common

1) cell membrane 2) ribosomes 3) DNA 4) cytosol.

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

The portion of the endoplasmic reticulum which has ribosomes attached to it and modifies proteins.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

The portion of the endoplasmic reticulum which does not have ribosomes attached to and deals primarily with lipid synthesis and modification.

Plant and animal cells

These are eukaryotic cells.

Bacteria

These are prokaryotic cells.

nucleoid region

Region of the cytoplasm in a prokaryote where its free-floating DNA is found.