HG&D Ch. 6

What is adolescence?

A developmental period marked by rapid physical growth and sexual maturation.

When does puberty typically begin?

Between ages 8–14 (girls ~10, boys ~2 years later).

What are primary sex characteristics?

Reproductive organs directly involved in reproduction.

What are secondary sex characteristics?

Physical traits not directly involved in reproduction (e.g., body hair, voice changes).

What are common physical changes in adolescence?

Growth spurts, acne, development of sex characteristics.

What are consequences of early puberty?

Higher risk of mental health issues, drug/alcohol use, and early sexual activity.

What happens to the brain during adolescence?

It becomes more interconnected and specialized.

What brain system is highly active in adolescence?

The limbic system (emotion and reward processing).

When do most mental illnesses begin?

50% by age 14, 75% by age 24.

Why is the adolescent brain vulnerable?

It is more susceptible to damage from drug exposure.

How much sleep do adolescents need?

8–10 hours per night.

Do most adolescents get enough sleep? Why or why not?

No; due to biological changes and lifestyle factors.

What are outcomes of teen pregnancy?

Lower graduation rates, higher poverty, and reliance on public assistance.

What is anorexia nervosa?

An eating disorder involving fear of gaining weight and extreme restriction.

What are risks of anorexia?

Organ damage, bone loss, and death (about 10%).

What is bulimia?

An eating disorder involving binge eating followed by purging.

What are risks of bulimia?

Esophagus damage and heart failure.

Can you always tell if someone has bulimia?

No, it is not always visible.

Who is affected by eating disorders?

Mostly females, but males are also affected.

What is the formal operational stage?

The ability to think abstractly and consider hypotheticals.

Who proposed the formal operational stage?

Jean Piaget.

What is Erikson’s stage for adolescence?

Identity vs. role confusion.

What happens during identity vs. role confusion?

Teens explore different roles before forming a stable identity.

What is the relationship between parents and teens?

A balance of autonomy and attachment.

How do peers influence adolescents?

They strongly influence behavior and opinions.

Are parents still important during adolescence?

Yes, parental connection remains important.

What are adolescent romantic relationships like?

Often short-lived but emotionally intense.