6+Repair+and+Recombination

DNA Repair

The process by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome.

Mutagens

Environmental toxins that cause mutations in DNA.

Base Excision Repair (BER)

A repair mechanism that removes and replaces damaged DNA bases.

DNA glycosylase

An enzyme that recognizes and removes damaged bases from DNA.

AP endonuclease

An enzyme that cuts DNA at apurinic/apyrimidinic sites, facilitating repair.

Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER)

A DNA repair mechanism that removes bulky lesions from DNA.

Non-homologous end joining

A repair pathway that directly joins the ends of broken DNA strands without a homologous template.

Homologous Recombination

A repair process that uses a homologous DNA template to accurately repair double-strand breaks.

Transposition

The process by which mobile genetic elements move from one location in the genome to another.

Retroviral-Like Retrotransposons

Genetic elements that replicate and insert themselves into the genome using reverse transcriptase.

Gene Conversion

The nonreciprocal resolution of a Holliday junction resulting in an unequal contribution of alleles.

Crossing Over

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

Deamination

The process of converting cytosine to uracil in DNA, resulting in an altered base.

Single-stranded binding proteins (SSBs)

Proteins that stabilize single-stranded DNA during repair processes.

Holliday Junction

A key intermediate in homologous recombination where two DNA molecules are connected.

Transposase

An enzyme that facilitates the movement of transposable elements within the genome.

Integrase

An enzyme that catalyzes the integration of viral DNA into the host genome during retroviral replication.