brain area functions

primary motor area

• representation → motor commands

• dextrous movements

supplementary motor area

• representation → motor commands

• postural movement planning

ventral premotor cortex

peripersonal space → 3D neural representation → motor commands

premotor areas

makes motor commands based on object properties

primary sensory cortex

• body representation via proprioception

• kinesthetic feedback during manipulation

  • position of body

superior parietal lobule

body position relative to object

posterior parietal cortex

plans locomotion based on body position vs. environment

ventral intraparietal area (VIP)

peripersonal space

anterior intraparietal areas

object affordances

rostral inferior parietal cortex (PFG)

object affordances

primary visual cortex

• accuracy during transport

• head motion

• direction & speed

temporal-parietal association cortex

• sensory integration

• body verticality

cerebellum

• temporal coupling of reach & pre-shaping

• interlimb coordination

• kinesthetic feedback

• postural coordination

vestibulocerebellum

saccades

vermis of cerbellum

interlimb coordination

paravermis of cerebellum

limb placement

reticular formation

• facilitates & inhibits muscle tone via PPN or ceruleo/raphe nucleus

• representation of posture

• balance reactions

• SPGs via MLR

vestibular nuclei

position/movement of head against gravity

red nucleus

flexor error feedback

medial longitudinal fasiculus (MLF)

conjugate eye movements & vestibulocolic reflex

primary auditory cortex

obstacle & environment info

orbitofrontal cortex

survival state & need for movement

dorsolateral PFC

• spatial working memory → maps where things are

• emotional needs → what do I need

alpha motor neurons

• delivers motor plan to muscles → instantaneous plan

• tone for balance

• rhythmic stepping patterns based on sensory