Lab 3 ppt

subclass Prototheria

platypus

monotremata: order

• Epipubis present

• Pectoral girdle with procoracoid, coracoid, and

interclavicle

what order and subclass will have the interclavicle, coracoid, and procoracoid with epipubis present

Subclass Prototheria, Order Monotremata

Subclass Prototheria

Order Monotremata

Family Tachyglossidae (fast-tongue)

Pelage: coarse hair and hollow spines.

no teeth

no auditory bullae

range Australia & New Guinea

Family Ornithorhynchidae

Subclass Prototheria

Order Monotremata

Family Ornithorhynchidae (bird-bill)

range Australia

Subclass Prototheria, Order

Monotremata List families

2 Families: Ornithorhynchidae (Platypus) and Tachyglossidae

(Echidna - look like hedgehog and ant eater hybrid)

n both, the premaxilla is separated anteriorly.

In the platypus, the premaxilla expands

laterally. In the echidna it reconnects at the

anterior end

Subclass Theria

Infraclass Metatheria

• Marsupials

Infraclass Metatheria

Marsupials

• Epipubic bones present.

• Pouch usu. present.

• Braincase small; jugal contributes to mandibular

fossa;

polydactyly

Syndactyly

Diprotodont

Polyprotodont

Order Didelphimorphia what type of digits and how many incisors

Polyprotodont

Polydactylous

Dasyuromorphia what type of digits and how many incisors

Polyprotodont

Polydactylous

Peramelemorphia what type of digits and how many incisors

Polyprotodont

Syndactylous

Marsupials

Subclass Theria; Infraclass Metatheria

Cohort Ameridelphia

Order Didelphimorphia

Family Didelphidae (2-womb)

range North and South America.

Polydactyly.

• Polyprotodont with 5I/4i; lower incisors

subequal in size, not procumbent.

• Canines well developed.

• Tribosphenic molars.

• Bullae small, uninflated.

• Cranium long and slender.

• Sagittal crest often well developed,

Marsupials

Subclass Theria; Infraclass Metatheria

Cohort Australidelphia

Order Dasyuromorphia

Family Dasyuridae (hairy-tail)

range Australia & New Guinea

• Tasmanian devil, quoll . . .

• Many lack the pouch; when present, opens

anteriorly (as in didelphids).

• Tail usu. long, well haired.

• Canines well developed.

• Molars tribosphenic.

• Polydactyly; hallux (“big toe”) weakly

opposable or absent.

• Sagittal crest usually absent;

Marsupials

Subclass Theria; Infraclass Metatheria

Cohort Australidelphia

Order Peramelemorphia

Family Peramelidae

range New Guinea

Canines reduced.

Cranium very long and narrow; No

sagittal crest; Narrow zygomatic arch

Subclass Theria; Infraclass Metatheria

Cohort Australidelphia

Order Diprotodontia (2 first teeth)

Family Phalangeridae (toe-bone)

diprotodont and syndactylous

Cranium broad, Sagittal crest often present,

Zygomatic arch robust.

Subclass Theria; Infraclass Metatheria

Cohort Australidelphia

Order Diprotodontia (two first teeth)

Family Phascolarctidae (pouch bears!)

No sagittal crest.

• Zygomatic arch robust, wide.

• Paroccipital process large.

Marsupials

Subclass Theria; Infraclass Metatheria

Cohort Australidelphia

Order Diprotodontia (2 first teeth)

Family Pseudocheiridae

range Australia/New Guinea, forests/shrublands.

• Gliding membrane extends from ankle to

elbow.

• Small canine.

• Wide zygomatic arch.

Diprodont

kangaroos

Marsupials

Subclass Theria; Infraclass Metatheria

Cohort Australidelphia

Order Diprotodontia (2 first teeth)

Family Macropodidae (big feet)

• Australia & New Guinea

• Hindlimbs longer than forelimbs.

  • Cranium elongated; No sagittal crest.

  • Upper canine lacking or small.

Placentals

Subclass Theria; Infraclass Eutheria

[Magnorder Xenarthra]

Order Cingulata

Family Dasypodidae (hairy-feet)

range S. America to southern N. America

• Body covered with keratin scutes

overlaying bony plates

• Skull elongated and flattened

• Zygomatic arch complete

• Cheek teeth are homodont

Placentals

Subclass Theria; Infraclass Eutheria

[Magnorder Xenarthra]

Order Pilosa [Suborder Folivora – leaf eaters]

Family Bradypodidae (slow feet)

• range C & S. America

• No incisors, canines; peg-like cheek

  teeth

• 3-toed (forefeet) sloths

placentals

Subclass Theria; Infraclass Eutheria

[Magnorder Xenarthra]

Order Pilosa [Suborder Folivora – leaf eaters]

Family Choloepodidae (chol- (G), lame; -pod (G), foot;

reflects slow nature and presence of only 2 claws on foot)

• range C & northern S. America

• 2-toed sloths (forelimbs)

• No incisors, canines, 1st premolar

  canine-like

placentals

Subclass Theria; Infraclass Eutheria

[Magnorder Xenarthra]

Order Pilosa [Suborder Vermilingua – worm-tongue)

Family Myrmecophagidae (ant-eating)

range C & S. America

No teeth (edentulous)

• Tongue very long, protrusible, wormlike

• Skull elongate, long & down-curving

rostrum