Grade 11 Biology Unit 5: The Human Body Systems

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the human body systems, particularly the musculoskeletal system.

Musculoskeletal System

The organ system that provides humans the ability to move, support stability, and protect vital organs.

Cartilage

A strong, flexible connective tissue that prevents bones from rubbing against each other.

Gametogenesis

The process of forming gametes (sperm and eggs) in the male and female reproductive systems.

Cardiac muscles

Involuntary striated muscles of the heart that contract without nervous stimulation.

Skeletal muscles

Striated voluntary muscles arranged around joints, allowing for voluntary movement.

Smooth muscles

Involuntary and non-striated muscles found in the walls of hollow organs, controlling the flow of substances.

Myofibrils

Long protein cords filling muscle cells, consisting of thick and thin filaments responsible for contraction.

Muscle contraction

The process by which muscle fibers generate tension and shorten, allowing movement.

Axial skeleton

The portion of the skeleton that makes up the medial core of the body, including the skull and vertebral column.

Appendicular skeleton

The portion of the skeleton that extends from the axial skeleton, including limbs and shoulder girdles.

Types of joints

Different classifications of joints in the body, including synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, and diarthrotic joints.

Ligaments

Fibrous connective tissues that connect bone to bone, providing joint stability.

Tendons

Connective tissues that attach muscles to bones, facilitating movement.

Osteoblasts

Cells involved in the formation of new bone tissue.

Osteoclasts

Cells that break down bone tissue, aiding in bone remodeling.

Isometric contraction

A type of muscle contraction where the muscle length remains unchanged while tension is built.

Concentric contraction

A type of muscle contraction where the muscle shortens while generating force.

Eccentric contraction

A type of muscle contraction where the muscle lengthens while maintaining tension.