chromosomes, genes, dna, rna, proteins

what is an organism

a whole living thing

what is a cell

basic unit of life

what is the nucleus

contains chromosomes

write these in size order -

cell, dna, nucleus, organism, gene, nucleotide, chromosome

organism, cell, nucleus, chromosome, dna, gene, nucleotide

what are chromosomes and where are they found in a cell

chromosomes are long, tightly-coilded dna molecules found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that contain genes

what are genes and what are they made of

genes are segments of dna that code for a specific protein. they are made up of nucleotide sequences

what is the difference between a gene and a genome

gene = one section of dna that codes for one protein

genome = all the dna in an organism (every gene)

what is the function of dna and describe its structure and what holds the two strands together

function: stores genetic information and instructions for making proteins

structure: double helix, two strands of nucleotides

held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases (a, t, c, g)

what is a nucleotide and name the components

nucleotides are the building blocks of dna and are made up of phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous base (a, t, c, g)

what is the main function of rna and describe its structure

function: carries dna information to ribosomes to build proteins

structure: single-stranded, contains ribose sugar, bases a, u, c, g

what are similarities of dna and rna

both made of nucleotides, both have a, c, g, both involved in protein production

what are the differences of dna and rna

dna is double stranded whilst rna is single stranded, dna has deoxyribose while rna has ribose, dna stays in the nucleus whilst rna can leave the nucleus

what are proteins and what function do they have in a cell

proteins are chains of amino acids folded into shapes

enzymes (speed reactions), transport (haemoglobin), hormones (insulin), defence (antibodies)