Bioethics - Chapter 13 Flashcards

Racism

the belief that some races are inferior or are otherwise deserving of dislike or hostility

Inferiorization

linked to historical racist doctrine and racist social systems that pose certain groups as inferior

Antipathy

racial bigotry, hostility, hatred

Racism is both morally and _________ wrong

empirically

scientific racism

the endeavor to prove scientifically that some races are inferior to others

Does race exist biologically?

No

Racialized groups

groups that people believe are discrete races and treat as such

Inferiorizing racism is morally wrong bc it violates

respect for persons, principle of justice

Antipathy racism is morally wrong bc

hatred, hostility, and bigotry are vices that lead to conflict, suffering, and violence

"Racism is morally wrong bc it hurts people"

Appeal to utility

Individual racism

person-to-person acts of intolerance or discrimination

institutional/structural racism

unequal treatment arising from the way organizations, institutions, and social systems operate

racial prejudice

antipathy toward a racial group based on a faulty view of that group

racial discrimination

unfavorable treatment of people bc of their race

Redlining

a practice established in the 1930s in which communities where housing loans were not recommended were outlined in red on a map (primarily black)

racially restrictive covenants

contractual agreements that prevent the sale or lease of property within an area to non-whites, created and enforced by the real estate industry (~1920s)

health disparities

differences among population groups in mortality and disease

3 areas of health where disparities are most worrying

infant mortality, life expectancy, age-adjusted death rates

racial discrimination effect on health

deleterious effect on physical and mental health of individuals

racial segregation contributes to health disparities by

limiting socioeconomic resources available to minority communities, constrains opportunities to engage in recommended health behaviors, associated with greater density of alcohol outlets/tobacco adverts/fast food, increases risk for exposure to environmental hazards, contributes to mental and physical consequences of prevalent violence (gun violence, aggressive policing)

implicit prejudice in health care has lead to

widespread differences in health care by race and ethnicity

implicit bias

negative attitude toward a group of people that operates unintentionally or unconsciously