DHO Endocrine System

adrenal

frequently called the suprarenal glands, two parts -cortex and medulla

endocrine system

consists of a group of ductless glands that secrete substances directly into the bloodstream

hormones

chemical messengers produced and secreted by the endocrine glands

ovaries

hormones-estrogen and progesterone

pancreas

both an exocrine and endocrine gland

parathyroid

four small glands that regulate the amount of calcium in the blood

thyroid

regulates the body's metabolism

thymus

hormone-thymosin

testes

produces the hormone testosterone

pituitary

master gland, anterior & posterior including 10 different hormones

pineal

small gland in the endocrine system

endocrinology

study of the endocrine system

exocrine gland

secretions go through a duct

placenta

temporary gland produced during pregnancy

growth hormone (GH)/somatotropin is part of the

anterior pituitary gland

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is part of the

anterior pituitary gland

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) produced by the

anterior pituitary gland

thyroxine belongs to the

thyroid gland; metabolic hormone, requires iodine to produce hormone

calcitonin

thyroid

Parathyroid

parathormone (PTH) produced by the

cortisol (glucocorticoids) /aldosterone produced by the

adrenal gland- cortex; depresses immune response aka anti-inflammatory

insulin produced by the

pancreas

epinephrine/norepinephrine produced by the

adrenal gland- medulla; fight or flight, increases BP

glucagon produced by the

pancreas

human chorionic gonadotropic hormone of the

placenta

estrogen hormone of the

ovaries; promotes sex glands (female)

progesterone hormone of the

ovaries; maintains lining of the uterus

testosterone hormone produced by the

testes; male sexual characteristics

melatonin hormone of the

pineal gland; sleep/wake cycles

serotnin hormone of the

pineal gland; mood "happy" hormone

diabetes mellitus

chronic disease caused by decreased production of insulin or body cells resistant to the insulin (Type 1)

symptoms of diabetes mellitus

hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, fatigue, slow healing of skin infections and vision changes

acromegaly

disorder of the pituitary gland; excessive secretion of growth hormone somatotropin

giantism

disorder of the pituitary gland; excessive growth of long bones; over-secretion of somatotropin before puberty

dwarfism

disorder of the pituitary gland; under secretion of growth hormone (somatotropin)

goiter

disorder of the thyroid gland; iodine deficiency; enlargement of thyroid gland, over secretion of TSH

hyperthyroidism

disorder of the thyroid gland; overactive thyroid gland; treatment with anti thyroid medication

Graves’ disease disorder of the thyroid gland; overactive thyroid gland; treatment with anti thyroid medication

severe form of hyperthyroidism; protruding eyes

symptoms of hyperthyroidism

extreme nervousness, tremors, irritability, rapid pulse, diarrhea, heat intolerance, polydipsa, excessive appetite with weight loss

hypoparathyroidism

disorder of the parathyroid gland; decreased PTH; S/S: decreased calcium in blood, tetany, twitching

Addison's disease

disorder of the adrenal gland; decreased secretion of aldosterone; treatment: control Na & diet, increase fluids, corticosteroid hormone

Cushing’s syndrome

disorder of the adrenal gland; over secretion of glucocorticoids

hypothalamus

link between nervous system & endocrine system; temperature & HR regulation, regulates hormones

DM type 1

little or no insulin; occurs early on in life; lifelong insulin therapy

DM type 2

insulin resistance; most common type; treatment with oral medications and/or diet modifications

hypothyroidism

underactive thyroid gland; need oral replacement

cretinism

hypothyroidism; occurs in infancy/early childhood; lack of physical growth

myxedema

hypothyroidism; late childhood/adulthood; treatment with oral thyroid medication

hyperparathyroidism

parathyroid gland overactivity, increased PTH; hypercalcemia, "bones & stones"