APHUG Unit 6 Vocab

Boomburb

Rapidly growing suburban city

central place theory

Distribution, size, and number of human settlements based on their function as a central place providing goods/services

edge city

A concentration of business, shopping, and entertainment outside the downtown (CBD)

Exurb

A prosperous, low density residential area beyond the suburbs of a city

gravity model

A model predicting the interaction between two places based on pop. and distance

Infill

Redevelopment that identifies and develops vacant or underused parcels of land

Megacity

Metropolitan area with more than 10 million people

Metacity

Metropolitan area with more than 20 million people

metropolitan area

A central city and the surrounding areas that are economically and culturally influenced by it

primate city

The largest city in a country that is disproportionately larger than the second largest city

Range

rank size rule

A pattern of settlements in a country where the nth largest settlement is 1/nth the population of the largest settlement

Threshold

Minimum number of people needed to support a service or business

urban area

Densely populated territory containing a city and surroiudnign suburbs

urban sprawl

Rapid unplanned growth outwards expansions of cities

world city

City that acts liek a major center of global economic activity

African city model

Rapid growth and colonial impacted with three CBDs of colonial, traditional, and market

concentric zone model

Five concentric rings radiating from a CBD

disamenity zone

A high-poverty urban area, often in a disadvantaged location

galactic city model

Where suburban nodes dominate

Latin American city model

Combines radial sectors and concentric zones

multiple-nuclei model

City grows around multiple nodes

Node

Center of economic activity

sector model

City develops in wedged shaped sectors

Southeast Asian city model

Port zones rather than distinct CBD

squatter settlement

Densly populated, informal housing, on the outskirts

Zoning

A regulatory method used by local governments to designate land for specific uses

Blockbusting

A historical real estate practice where agents use racial scare tactics to convince white homeowners to sell their house for cheap that creates high turnover and residential segregation

Brownfield

Real property, the expansion, the redev, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of hazardous substance, pollutant, or contamination

de facto segregation

Segregation that occurs by fact rather than by legal requirement, often driven by housing patterns and economic factors

ecological footprint

A measure of the impact of human activities on the environment

eminent domain

The gov’s legal right to take over private property for public use or interest

environmental injustice

The disproportionate exposure of communities of color and the poor to pollution and environmental hazards

Filtering

A process of change in the use of a house, from single family owner to occupancy to rented apartments and eventually to abandonment as it ages and loses value

Greenbelt

A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space, limiting sprawl

inclusionary zoning law

Municipal bylaws requiring a given share of new construction to be affordable to people with low to moderate incomes

land tenure

Legal regime in which land is owned by an individual, who is said to hold the land

mixed use development (MUD)

A single, high density project to blend residential, commercial, cultural, institutional, or entertainment uses into one space

mixed use zoning

Zoning that allows multiple land uses in the same space or structure

New Urbanism

Urban design that promotes walking neighborhoods, mixed-use dev, and a diversity of housing types to create sustainable communities

Redlining

A historical discriminatory practice by banks and insurers that refused to loan money or provide insurance in certain neighborhoods, causing disinvestment

regional planning

Coordinating land use, transportation, and infrastructure

slow growth city

A city that implements policies to reduce the rate of sprawl

smart growth policy

Legislation aimed at curbing urban sprawl by promoting mixed land use, compacted dev, and walkability

traditional zoning

A system where land use is separated into distinct areas like, residential, commercial, and industrial, to prevent incompatible uses

Transportation oriented development

Dev that max residential, business, and leisure space within walking distance of public transit

urban growth boundary

Geographical boundary that was set by the city to control urban sprawl by designating the area inside for high density dev and outside for low density

urban renewal

The development of deteriorated urban areas

Walkability

A measure of how friendly an area is to walking

zone of abandonment

An area in a city that has been largely deserted due to economic decline, high crime rate, or environmental hazards