Unit 2 Networks of Exchange Vocab

import of Mr. Willis's quizlet C:

Silk Roads

A system of ancient caravan routes across Central Asia, along which traders carried silk and other trade goods.

Kashgar

a central Asian city where the western and the eastern Silk Roads met; one of the westernmost cities of China, near the border with modern day Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, and Tajikistan.

Samarkand

During the rule of Timur Lane was the most influential captial city, a wealthy trading center known for decorated mosques and tombs.

Caravanserai

an inn with a central courtyard for travelers in the desert regions of Asia or North Africa.

Flying Cash

a paper currency of the Tang dynasty in China and can be considered the first banknote

Hanseatic League

An economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century.

Mongol Empire

Largest land empire in the history of the world, spanning from Eastern Europe across Asia.

Temujin

birth name of the Mongol leader better known as Chinggis Khan (1162-1227)

Khan

Title given to Mongol leaders, meaning "supreme ruler"

Khanate

Four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan.

Pax Mongolica

The period of approximately 150 years of relative peace and stability created by the Mongol Empire.

Golden Horde

Mongol khanate founded by Genghis Khan's grandson Batu. It was based in southern Russia and quickly adopted both the Turkic language and Islam.

Karakorum

Capital of the Mongol empire under Chinggis Khan, 1162 - 1227.

Il-Khanate

Mongol empire that ruled over Iran (Persia) & the Middle East

Yuan Dynasty

Dynasty in China set up by the Mongols under the leadership of Kublai Khan, replaced the Song (1279-1368)

White Lotus Society

Secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty in China; typical of peasant resistance to Mongol rule

Calicut

Great spice port on west coast of India

Spice Islands

Modern day Malaysia and Indonesia, known for its spices like nutmeg, cinnamon, cloves, and cardamom

Monsoon Winds

These carried ships on the Indian Ocean between India and Africa

Lateen Sails

Triangular sail on a short mast

Malacca

Port city in the modern Southeast Asian country of Malaysia, founded about 1400 as a trading center on the Strait of Malacca.

Diaspora

A dispersion of people from their homeland

Swahili city-states

City coasts that actively participated in Indian Ocean trade along the East coast of the African continent

Zheng He

Chinese admiral during the Ming Dynasty, he led great voyages that spread China's fame throughout Asia

Sahara Desert

the world's largest desert (3,500,000 square miles) in northern Africa

Oases

a place, usually in a desert, where water can be found

Camel Saddles

with the advent of these, animals could now be used to transport iron technology, slaves, salt, and gold across the Sahara, and could be used in battle.

Trans-Saharan Trade Network

connected West Africa to North Africa; West African kingdoms traded gold with North African Muslims for salt; slaves were also traded

Mali

The kingdom in West Africa that followed the Kingdom of Ghana; its wealth is also based on trans-Saharan trade; this kingdom encouraged the spread of Islam.

Timbuktu

City on the Niger River in the modern country of Mali. As part of the Mali empire, Timbuktu became a major major terminus of the trans-Saharan trade and a center of Islamic learning.

Sundiata

Founder of the Mali empire

Mansa Musa

Ruler of Mali (r. 1312-1337). His extravagant pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca in 1324-1325 established the empire's reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world.

Songhai Kingdom

became larger and richer than Mali. Took its place as the powerhouse in West Africa.

Cultural Diffusion

The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another

Zen Buddhism

a Buddhist sect that emphasizes enlightenment through meditation and stresses simplicity and discipline

Neo-Confucianism

A philosophy that emerged in Song-dynasty China; it revived Confucian thinking while adding in Buddhist and Daoist elements.

Black Death

A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351

Marco Polo

Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade.

Ibn Battuta

Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan.

Margery Kempe

Wrote the Book of Margery Kempe - considered the 1st autobiography in the English language. Chronicles her pilgrimages to holy sites in Europe and Asia. Claimed to have vision that called her to leave the vanities of the world

Champa Rice

Quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season. Originally introduced into Champa from India, it was later sent to China as a tribute gift by the Champa state (as part of the tributary system.)

Overgrazing

Destruction of vegetation caused by too many grazing animals consuming the plants in a particular area so they cannot recover

Transportation Technologies

Magnetic Compass + Astrolabe + Lateen sail + Knowledge of Monsoon Winds + Improvements in ship builds (Junk ships)

Commercial Innovations 1200-1450

Money Economy + Paper Money + Flying Cash + Banking Houses + Bill of Exchange

Ming Dynasty

Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China.

Gujarat

Region of western India famous for trade and manufacturing.