Biology Membranes Clicker Questions

Flashcards based on biology membrane assessment questions covering transport mechanisms, membrane structure, and cellular tonicity.

Transmembrane protein positioning

These proteins are held in the correct position in the membrane because the hydrophobic domain is held in place by hydrophobic exclusion.

Fluidity

The ability of molecules to readily move throughout the membrane while staying in close association with other molecules.

Extrusion

The process used by a paramecium to remove water from the cell to cope with living in fresh water.

Exocytosis

The process of releasing enzymes into the opening of the intestines and stomach.

Ligand gated channel

A gated channel which opens specifically when a chemical binds to it.

Permeability

The extent to which a membrane allows a substance to pass through.

Osmosis

The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a membrane.

Hypertonic solution movement

The direction in which water moves (out of the cell) when a cell is placed in a solution with a higher solute concentration than the cell itself.

Antiporter

A type of transport protein that can move 2 or more different molecules in opposite directions.

Endoplasmic reticulum

The site where phospholipids are synthesized within the cell.

Receptor mediated endocytosis

The manner in which viruses like HIV get into cells by activating a cell surface protein.

$Fe^{+}$ membrane transport

Iron ions cannot move directly through the membrane because they carry a charge and are hydrophilic.

Non-polar amino acids

The type of amino acids expected to be found in the transmembrane portion of a membrane protein.

Covalent bond

The type of bond that attaches carbohydrates to lipids and proteins in the plasma membrane.

Sodium-potassium pump

A mechanism able to move ions against their concentration gradients by expending ATP.

Crenation

The occurrence when a blood cell ($0.9\% NaCl$) is placed in a $4\% NaCl$ solution.

Saturated fatty acyl tails

Membrane components that make the membrane less fluid, unlike shorter or unsaturated tails.

Diffusion

The most likely method by which a nonpolar molecule like caffeine is absorbed into cells.

Cystic fibrosis cellular defect

A disease characterized by a defect in chloride ion transport into the lungs, likely caused by defective plasma membrane proteins.

Glycosylation

The process of covalently bonding carbohydrates to lipids.