bio flash cards easy deck

DNA Structure

DNA is a helical double-stranded molecule found in linear chromosomes in eukaryotes and circular in prokaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.

DNA Replication

Replication of DNA allows for the inheritance of genetic information and follows universal base-pairing rules.

Gene

A gene consists of a unique sequence of nucleotides that codes for a functional protein or RNA molecule.

Protein Synthesis

Involves transcription of a gene into mRNA and translation into an amino acid sequence; distinguishes between exons and introns.

Protein Structure

The sequence of amino acids determines the folding of a polypeptide into a protein with specific functions like enzymes and antibodies.

Enzyme Function

Enzymes are specific for substrates, affected by factors like temperature and pH, and follow the induced-fit model of binding.

Gene Expression

Phenotypic expression depends on factors controlling transcription and translation, including epigenetic changes and mutations.

Biotechnology

Techniques like PCR, electrophoresis, and DNA profiling are used to analyze DNA, map genomes, and edit genes using tools like CRISPR.

Science Inquiry Skills

Includes formulating testable hypotheses, identifying variables, understanding controls, constructing graphs, and evaluating experimental results.