Autonomic Nervous System and Reinforcing Behaviors

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Last updated 4:57 PM on 5/14/26
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30 Terms

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autonomic nervous system

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.

<p>the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.</p>
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peripheral nervous system

the sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body

<p>the sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body</p>
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involuntary

not done of one's own free will; automatic; unintentional; spontaneous

<p>not done of one's own free will; automatic; unintentional; spontaneous</p>
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hypothalamus

A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward.

<p>A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward.</p>
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sympathetic nervous system

the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations

<p>the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations</p>
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parasympathetic nervous system

the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy

<p>the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy</p>
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pupilary dilation

Widening of pupils in response to adrenaline.

<p>Widening of pupils in response to adrenaline.</p>
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sympathetic ganglia

ganglia that lie along the spinal cord

<p>ganglia that lie along the spinal cord</p>
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parasympathetic ganglia

Located near or within target organs.

<p>Located near or within target organs.</p>
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thoracic vertebrae

vertebrae 8 - 13

<p>vertebrae 8 - 13</p>
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cervical vertebrae

vertebrae 1-7

<p>vertebrae 1-7</p>
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lumbar vertebrae`

vertebrae 20-25

<p>vertebrae 20-25</p>
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sacrum

5 fused vertebrae

<p>5 fused vertebrae</p>
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innervate

to provide neural input

<p>to provide neural input</p>
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vagus nerve

the tenth cranial nerve that innervates digestive organs, heart and other areas

<p>the tenth cranial nerve that innervates digestive organs, heart and other areas</p>
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norepinephrine

A neurotransmitter involved in arousal, as well as in learning and mood regulation released by neurons in the sympathetic ganglia

<p>A neurotransmitter involved in arousal, as well as in learning and mood regulation released by neurons in the sympathetic ganglia</p>
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acetylcholine

neurotransmitter chemical released at the parasympathetic ganglia

<p>neurotransmitter chemical released at the parasympathetic ganglia</p>
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pleasure center

an area in the middle of the limbic system (mesolimbic area) which, when activated, produces pleasure (most notably in the hypothalamus

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antagonist

a molecule that inhibits or blocks a neurotransmitter's action

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dopamine

A neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system.

<p>A neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system.</p>
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nucleus accumbens

area of the brain involved in reinforcing life-valuing habits

<p>area of the brain involved in reinforcing life-valuing habits</p>
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Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)

An autonomic nervous system condition that causes heart palpitations, lightheadedness, increased heart rate, low blood pressure, low blood volume, inability to concentrate, "brain fog," trouble sleeping, gastrointestinal symptoms, and dark red-blue discoloration of the legs.

<p>An autonomic nervous system condition that causes heart palpitations, lightheadedness, increased heart rate, low blood pressure, low blood volume, inability to concentrate, "brain fog," trouble sleeping, gastrointestinal symptoms, and dark red-blue discoloration of the legs.</p>
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Familial Dysautonomia

rare genetic condition associated with an inability to detect pain or temperature

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Horner's Syndrome

Sympathetic trunk/cervical ganglion damage results in ptosis, pupil constriction, vasodilation, and absence of sweating

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ptosis

eyelid prolapse, downward displacement

<p>eyelid prolapse, downward displacement</p>
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vasodilation

increase in diameter of a blood vessel

<p>increase in diameter of a blood vessel</p>
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tachycardia

Abnormally rapid heartbeat

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dopamine reward pathway

Begins in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain and connects to the nucleus accumbens ("pleasure center")

<p>Begins in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain and connects to the nucleus accumbens ("pleasure center")</p>
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nucleus accumbens

a subcortical structure that participates in reward and addiction

<p>a subcortical structure that participates in reward and addiction</p>
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ventral tegmental area (VTA)

midbrain structure where dopamine is produced: associated with mood, reward, and addiction