Impact of Campaigns

What military leadership weaknesses were exposed by the Italian campaigns?

The campaigns exposed poor leadership from Graziani and Mussolini.

Which outdated military tactics used by Italy were compared to WWI?

The use of mass troops.

What was a potential strategic consequence of Britain observing Italy's military weakness?

It potentially gave Britain the confidence to later invade Sicily.

What did Mussolini's consistent need for help during his own campaigns reveal?

It revealed Italy's dependence on Germany.

Why did relations between Mussolini and Hitler later become strained?

Relations were strained due to the failure of Operation Barbarossa.

which countries had Germany conquered that made Italy appear weaker in comparison?

Poland, Norway, and France by 1940 - much more successful in their own war

How did the Greek Campaign affect the perception of the Italian-German alliance?

Germany's quick advancement in the Greek Campaign presented Italy as weaker and proved Mussolini could no longer sell the idea that Italy and Germany were equal.

What event provided an initial domestic propaganda boost for Mussolini?

The defeat of the French in the Battle of the Alps.

By how much did the Italian harvest fall?

Over $1.5 \text{ million tonnes}$ between 1938 and 1943

What were the daily rations for an adult in Italy during the period of growing opposition?

$1,000$ calories and $150,g$ of bread

What became common in Italian factories during the war?

Fainting due to starvation

What is an example of a strike due to opposition of the war?

$100,000$ workers went on strike in Turin March 1943,

Why was the March 1943 strike in Turin historically significant?

It was the first major strike in $20$ years.

What military operation revealed that the conflict was 'Hitler's War' rather than Italy's?

Operation Barbarossa

Military failures in which two locations signaled the end of short-term propaganda victories for Mussolini?

Greece and Africa

Which WWI concept could Mussolini no longer successfully use to convince the public of his leadership?

The 'mutilated victory'

Which specific raw materials did the Germans become increasingly reluctant to send to Italy?

Coal and iron

By what percentage did Italian steel production fall + why?

$20\%$ between 1940 and 1942 as Italy lacked basic resources + Germans became increasingly reluctant to send materials as the war went on

How did the black market price of bread compare to the official price?

It was sold at $8\times$ the official price in 1943

Why did Italian farmers refuse to sell their produce to the regime?

They profited from the black market.