Model Answers to CH43105/CH43111 Workshop 1

These flashcards focus on key vocabulary and definitions relevant to the chemistry workshop content.

Enolate

A reactive species formed by deprotonation of a carbonyl compound.

α-halogenation

A reaction where a halogen is introduced onto the alpha carbon of a carbonyl compound.

Umpolung

A process that reverses the polarity of a carbon center.

Grignard reagents

Organomagnesium compounds used in organic synthesis to form new carbon-carbon bonds.

Reductive amination

A process that combines an amine with a carbonyl compound to form an amine.

TBDMS

Tert-butyldimethylsilyl, used as a protecting group for alcohols.

DMF

Dimethylformamide, a solvent commonly used in chemical reactions.

TBAF

Tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride, often used to remove silyl protecting groups.

Silyl ether

A compound formed when an alcohol is treated with a silyl reagent for protection.

Protection-deprotection strategy

A strategy in organic synthesis where functional groups are temporarily masked to prevent reactions.

Latent

Referring to an inactive or dormant state of a reagent or compound.

Synthetic equivalent

A substitute that can produce similar outcomes in a synthetic pathway.

Ph

Phenyl group, a substituent derived from benzene.

Bromo

Referring to a bromine atom or group in a compound.

Stub account

A preliminary or incomplete representation in data management.

R

A generic symbol used in organic chemistry to denote a hydrocarbon substituent.

Reactivity

The propensity of a substance to engage in chemical reactions.

Functional group

A specific group of atoms within a molecule that determines its chemical reactivity.

Carbonyl

A functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to oxygen.

Aromatic compound

A compound that contains a benzene ring or similar structures.

Substitution reaction

A reaction where one atom or group is replaced by another in a molecule.

Addition reaction

A reaction where reactants combine to form a single product.

Elimination reaction

A reaction involving the removal of a small molecule from a larger one.

Catalyst

A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed.

Solvent

A substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution.

Nucleophile

A species that donates an electron pair to form a chemical bond.

Electrophile

A species that accepts an electron pair to form a chemical bond.

Mechanism

The step-by-step sequence of elementary reactions by which overall chemical changes occur.

Intermediate

A species that forms between the reactants and products during a chemical reaction.

Stoichiometry

The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions.

Yield

The amount of product obtained from a chemical reaction.

Isomer

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures.

Chiral

A property of a molecule that cannot be superimposed on its mirror image.

Stereochemistry

The study of the spatial arrangements of atoms in molecules.

Optical activity

The ability of a compound to rotate the plane of polarized light.

Enantiomer

A type of stereoisomer that is a non-superimposable mirror image of another.

Diastereomer

Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other.

Reversible reaction

A reaction that can proceed in both forward and reverse directions.

Equilibrium

The state where the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time.

Kinetics

The study of the rate at which chemical reactions occur.