identification final pathology

pseudomembranous candidiasis

-white curdlike material that can be wiped off

-on occasion a burning sensation is felt and the patient may complain of a metallic taste

Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst

-composed of odontogenic epithelium that contains "ghost cells"

-also referred to as gorlin cyst

-most commonly seen individuals younger than 40 years

-lesions occur equally in the maxilla and mandible, most often in the incisor and cuspid area

-present as well defined unilocular or multilocular radiolucency

dens in dente

-also called dens invaginatus

-tooth within a tooth

Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrome)

-abnormalities in multiple organs

turner syndrome

-webbing of the neck

-caused by patient has only one X chromosome or monosomy X

Cyclic Neutropenia

-by decrease in the number of circulating neutrophilic leukocytes, white blood cells help fight infection and remodel the body.

-autosomal dominant

Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome

-lesion of the hand remain reddish white scaly, thick areas of hyperkeratinization

-autosomal-recessive inheritance

cleidocranial dysplasia

-multiple extracted supernumerary teeth rom the patient with cleidocranial dysplasia

-results in cranium developing into a mushroom shape because the fontanelles remain open

-the premaxilla is generally underdeveloped

cherubism

-bilateral facial swelling that appears when the patient is between 1.5 and 4 years of age

-soap bubble appearance

Gardner syndrome

-panoramic radiograph of patient with gardner syndrome shows multiple osteomas and odontomas

-also known as familial adenomatous polyposis

-benign bone growths

-teeth can exhibit hypercementosis and fail to erupt

Mandibulofacial Dysostosis

-markedly high-arched palate and malpositioned teeth in a patient with mandibulofacial dysostosis

-also known as treacher collins syndrome

-results in a dysmorphic face, including downward sloping of the palpebral fissures.

-mouth appears fishlike

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

-multiple small to medium sized pigmented macules on the labial mucosa of a patient with peutz-jeghers syndrome

-also known as hereditary intestinal polyposis syndrome

-pigmentation occurs around the eyes, nose and mouth

-associated with gastrointestinal polyposis

Pitted autosomal dominant Amelogenesis imperfecta

-multiple pits on the labial surface of the teeth

-4 types

Type 1 hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta

-characterized by tooth enamel that does not develop to a normal thickness because of failure of the ameloblasts to lay down enamel matrix properly

Type 2: Hypocalcified Amelogenesis Imperfecta

-loss of enamel is exhibited in the teeth

-enamel of normal thickness that is poorly calcified

-yellow to orange enamel

Type 3: Hypomaturation Amelogenesis Imperfecta

-an enamel of mottled appearance but normal thickness

-snowcapped amelogenesis imperfecta is a special type

Type 4: Hypoplastic-Hypomaturation Amelogenesis Imperfecta

-thin enamel yellow to brown and pitted

-on radiographs the enamel has a radiodensity similar to dentin and single rooted teeth have large pulp chambers and molar teeth appear as taurodonts.

dentinogenesis imperfecta

-shorts roots almost complete lack of pulp chamber

-is marked by bulbous crowns that are colored from opalescents brown to brownish blue

Radicular dentin dysplasia

-shows blunted and short tooth roots, the few remaining pulp chambers have a half moon appearance

-teeth with normal crowns and abnormal roots

-the basic defects seems to lie in a disturbance in the hertwig epithelial root sheath

papilloma Figure 7.2 A

-papilloma at the junction of the hard and soft palate shows a cauliflower like appearance and rough surface from fingerlike projections

-benign tumor of squamous epithelium that arise as a small, exophytic, pedunculated or sessile growth

-other oral lesions may resemble a papilloma clincily are verruca vulgaris (common wart)

Papilloma Microscopic

-microscopic appearance of a papiloma shows fingerlike projections surfaced by squamous epithelium and supported by thin cores of fibrous connective tissues

-a central core of vascular fibrous connective tissue supports each papillary projection

Verrucous Carcinoma

-commissure and anterior buccal mucosa

-is a specific type of squamous cell carcinoma that is separated from other squamous cell carcinoma because it has a much better prognosis

-appears as a slow growing exophytic tumor with a pebbly white and red surface

-most cases occurs in men older than 55 years of age and involves the vestibule and buccal mucosa

Benign salivary gland tumor

-arises in either the major or the minor salivary gland

-tumors of minor salivary glands origin are much more common in the upper lip than the lower lip

-benign tumors of salivary gland origin are called adenomas

ameloblastomas B

-show multilocular radiolucencies in the molar areas if the mandible

-is benign, slow growing but locally aggressive epithelial odontogenic tumor that may arise in either the maxilla or the mandible

-it is a non encapsulated tumor that infiltrates into surrounding tissue and can cause extensive destruction

Benign Cementoblastoma

-shows a well circumscribed radiopaque mass surrounded by a radiolucent halo and attached to the root of a mandibular first molar

-pain is a frequent symptom

-occurs in young adults and most occur in patients under 30

Compound odontoma

-shows a collection of numerous small toothlike radiopacities surround by a radiolucent halo

-do not exhibit unlimited growth potential

-described as a developmental lesion (hamartomas) rather than true tumors

lipoma

-benign tumor of adipose tissue

-clinically appears as a yellowish mass that is surfaced by a thin layer of epithelium

-mature fat cells

neurofibroma

-a nonulcerated ,exophytic mass on the lateral border of the tongue

-benign tumor derived from nerve tissue

Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia

-lesion is asymptomatic and is discovered on routine radiographic examination

-occurs most commonly in the anterior mandible of patients older than 30 years of age

-more common in women than men, predilection for this disease in black women

florid cemento osseous dysplasia

-shows irregular radiopaque masses in both the left and right posterior mandible

-disordered cementum and bone deposition

-involves multiple quadrants in the posterior maxilla and mandible

-most often occurs in black women older than 40 years of age

fibrous dysplasia

-is a developmental disease that is charcterized by the replacement of bone with abnormal fibrous connective tissue

-a genetic mutation has been identified as the underlying cause of this disorder

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paget disease

-enlargement of the maxilla with spaces between the teeth

-radiograph demonstrating irregular opacification that is also referred to as a cotton wool appearance

Central Giant Cell Granuloma

-may occur on the gingiva or alveolar ridge or in the maxilla or mandible

-divergence of the root of adjacent teeth is a common feature

acromegaly

-enlarged tongue

-rare condition that results when the hypersecretion of growth hormones occurs in adult like after closure of epiphyseal plates of the long bones

hyperparathyroidism

-results from excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (parathormone)

Acanthosis nigricans

-skin disorder

-has been reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes

iron deficiency anemia

-tongue is devoid of filiform papillae

pernicious anemia

-Vitamin B12 deficiency that is caused by a deficiency of intrinsic factors a substance secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach

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sickle cell anemia

-abnormal trabeculation

-most common inherited disorder of red blood cells

osteonecrosis

-staged based on size, location and symptoms. -bisphosphonate therapy

candidiasis in a patient taking prednisone

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