CLEP: Human G & D 1: Theoretical Perspectives on Development

Which of the following would a biologist likely cite as influencing human development?

Genetic predispositions and brain development

What would a cognitive developmental theorist most likely focus on when studying a child’s behavior?

How the child organizes and adapts mental schemas

The ecological perspective views development as:

An interaction between individuals and multiple layers of their environment

Freud believed that personality is made up of which three components?

Id, ego, and superego

Which statement would most likely be made by a developmental psychologist using the sociocultural perspective?

Development is shaped by interaction with more knowledgeable others in a cultural context.

The biological perspective is most concerned with:

How heredity and brain function influence development

Which of the following best explains why psychologists use multiple theoretical perspectives when studying development?

Because each perspective highlights different aspects of human growth

Which theorist emphasized that learning occurs not only through experience but also by observing others?

Albert Bandura

A theorist studying how cultural tools (like language) shape cognitive development is most likely aligned with:

Vygotsky

Which of the following perspectives is most likely to study inherited behavioral traits across generations?

Evolutionary

A behaviorist who is studying the link between parenting style and childhood aggression would be most likely to focus on:

how parents punish their children's aggressive behavior

Which of the following is emphasized in Freud’s psychodynamic theory?

The influence of unconscious drives and early experiences

A mother nags her son until he cleans his room. A few weeks later, the son spontaneously cleans his room because he does not want to be nagged. The mother's nagging is an example of:

negative reinforcer

If reinforcement is to be most effective in the learning of a new behavior, the reinforcement should be:

provided soon after the desired behavior occurs

Bandura’s Bobo doll experiment demonstrated:

Learning through observation without direct reinforcement

A crying infant who receives attention from a caregiver is best explained by which theoretical perspective?

Evolutionary

A child learns to say “please” because they receive praise when they do. This is best explained by which perspective?

Behaviorist (Learning)

Which of the following is an example of a “microsystem” in Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory?

A child's relationship with a parent

In Vygotsky’s theory, the “Zone of Proximal Development” refers to:

Tasks a learner can perform with guidance but not alone

Which of the following findings is often cited as evidence for the evolutionary perspective?

Men's reproductive capabilities last until later in life than women's.