AP HUG TEST: Unit 3

Culture

The shared practices, technologies, behaviors, & attitudes passed down by a society over time.

Difference between popular culture and folk culture

Pop culture is spread over a large area & is adopted by many people, while folk culture is practiced by a small group of people in rural areas.

Globalization

The growing interconnectedness of people, businesses, & organizations around the world.

Cultural Landscape

How land has been modified by humans to reflect their culture (houses, stores, etc.).

Traditional Architecture

Buildings that use local materials & reflect the needs of the people.

Postmodern Architecture

Buildings that reflect culture both outside & inside.

Sense of Place

The act of filling a location with meaning/significance; the uniqueness of places.

Placelessness

When locations no longer look unique, adopting the same stores, restaurants, etc.

Diffusion

The process by which a cultural trait spreads from 1 place to another.

Cultural Hearth

The place where a cultural trend originates.

Relocation Diffusion

The spread of cultural traits that results from the migration of people.

Expansion Diffusion

The spread of a cultural trait that is not caused by the movement of people.

Contagious Diffusion

The rapid spread of a cultural trait to many people regardless of race, class, or gender.

Hierarchical Diffusion

A process where something starts with wealthy people and later is adopted by common people.

Stimulus Diffusion

Describes the process by which a cultural trait leads to a new, but related, cultural trait.

Assimilation Example

An immigrant from Italy learning the English language.

Lingua Franca

A common language adopted by people of many different languages to facilitate communication; example: English.

Creolization

When 2+ languages are combined to form a new language; example: Bantu.

Basic Beliefs of Islam

Monotheistic, pilgrimage to Mecca, almsgiving, fasting during Ramadan.

Basic Beliefs of Hinduism

Polytheistic, karma/dharma, reincarnation, originated in India, animals like cows are sacred.

Universalizing Religion

A religion that can be planted & grown in any culture; example: Christianity.

Ethnic Religion

Religions characteristic of particular ethnic groups in certain regions; example: Judaism.

Spread of Culture Throughout History

Culture spread through trade (Silk Road) or colonization (Europeans in the Americas) and today mainly through media & transportation.

Imperialism

When a powerful nation extends power over another nation by force or negotiation.

Colonialism

When a powerful nation establishes settlements in another nation for political/economic gain.

Cultural Convergence

Cultures adopting different cultural traits and becoming more alike.

Cultural Divergence

Different cultures interacting and becoming more distinct.