AP HUG TEST: Unit 3



  1. Define culture.

The shared practices, technologies, behaviors, & attitudes passed down by a society over time 

  1. Describe the difference between popular culture and folk culture.

Pop culture is spread over a large area & is adopted by many people. Folk culture is practiced by a small group of people in rural areas



  1. Define globalization.

The growing interconnectedness of people, businesses, & organizations around the world

Caused by multinational businesses, more advanced communication & transportation

  1. What is a cultural landscape?

How land has been modified by humans to reflect their culture (houses, stores, etc.)



  1. What is the difference between traditional and postmodern architecture?

Traditional Architecture: building that uses local materials & that reflects the needs of the people Postmodern Architecture: buildings that reflect culture both outside & inside 

  1. What is a sense of place?

The act of filling a location with meaning/significance. Things that make places unique

  1. Define placelessness. 

When locations no longer look unique- adopt the same stores, restaurants, etc.

  1. Define diffusion & cultural hearth.

Diffusion:The process by which a cultural trait spread from 1 place to another

Cultural Hearth:The place where a cultural trend originates

  1. Explain the difference between expansion & relocation diffusion.

Relocation: The spread of cultural traits that results from the migration of people

Expansion: The spread of a cultural trait that is not caused by the movement of people



  1. Explain the 3 types of expansion diffusion.

Contagious: The rapid spread of a cultural trait to many people regardless of race, class, gender

Hierarchical: Something that starts with wealthy people but common people adopt it later

Stimulus: Describes the process by which a cultural traits leads to a new, but related, cultural trait 



  1. Give an example of assimilation.

An immigrant from Italy learning the English language



  1. Define lingua franca. Give an example of one.

A common language adopted by people of many different languages in order to facilitate communication. Ex: English

  1. Define creolization. Give an example of a creole language.

When 2+ languages are combined to form a new language. Ex: Bantu

  1. What are the basic beliefs of Islam?

Monotheistic, make a pilgrimage (holy journey) to Mecca, give alms to the poor, fasting during Ramadan



  1. What are the basic beliefs of Hinduism?

Polytheistic, karma/dharma, reincarnation, originated in India, animals such as cows are sacred



  1. Explain the difference between a universalizing & ethnic religion. Give an example of each.

Universalizing- a religion that can be planted & grown in any culture. Ex: Christianity

Ethnic- religions that are characteristic of particular ethnic groups located in certain regions. Ex: Judaism

  1. Explain how culture spread throughout history.

Trade such as the Silk Road or through colonization such as Europeans conquering North & South America

Today, it spreads mainly through media & transportation




  1. Explain the difference between imperialism and colonialism.

Imperialism: When a powerful nation extends power over another nation- either by force or negotiation

Colonialism: When a powerful nation established settlements in another nation for political/economic gain

Imperialism is an idea; Colonialism is an action

  1. What is the difference between cultural divergence and cultural convergence?

Cultural Convergence: Cultures adopting different cultural traits; become more alike than different

Cultural Divergence: Different cultures interacting & becoming more distinct