HIMT 1300 - Module 8 - Cardiovascular

Module 8 - Cardiovascular

atria

singular atrium , these are the 2 upper chambers of the heart

ventricules

lower 2 chambers of the heart

valves

valves to regulate blood flow from left atrium to left ventricle, from right atrium to right ventricle

aorta

largest artery in the body

carotid arteries

transport oxygenated blood to the brain

Vena Cava

largest vein in the body

SA node (sinoatrial)

pacemaker of the heart

endocardium

lining of the interior of the heart chambers

myocardium

muscular layer that makes up majority of the heart

pericardium

a 2 layered sac surrounding the heart

vasculature

term referring to the blood vessels in the organ

anemia

decrease in number of red blood cells, differing types

Iron Deficiency anemia

most common anemia, bone marrow has been damaged and cannot make enough red blood cells

pernicious anemia

caused by lack of vitamin B12

sickle cell anemia

genetic condition where red blood cells are shaped like crescent moons, cause clots and significant pain

aneurysm

a widened, weak area on a blood vessel wall, at some point pressure of blood flowing through can cause vessel to rupture, often fatal

AAA (abdominal aortic aneurysm)

very specific aneurysm located in abdominal region, virtually asymptomatic

angina pectoris

mild to severe chest pain caused by ischemia of the myocardium

arrhythmia

irregular rate and rhythm

arteriosclerosis

a hardening of the arteries

bradycardia

slow heart rate

asystole (cardiac arrest)

complete absence of a heartbeat

cardiomegaly

enlargement of the heart

cardiomyopathy

any disease of the heart muscle

congestive heart failure

the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body’s need for metabolism

coronary artery disease (heart disease)

due to reduced blood flow to the heart as a result of plaque buildup in the vessels

endocarditis

an inflammation of the endocardium, the innermost layer of tissue within the heart chambers

fibrillation (AFib)

atrial fibrillation is an irregular rapid heartbeat

hemophilila

genetic disorder, the deficiency of a clotting factor, these patients bleed for long periods of time when experiencing a cut or bruise

hypotension / low blood pressure

less than 90/60 , could be indicative of dehydration

hypertension / high blood pressure

causes damage to blood vessels and organs, greater than 120/80

leukemia

cancer of the leukocytes

MVP (mitral valve prolapse)

may be genetic, or from infection. leaflets of the valve do not close tightly, which means blood can flow backwards through the valve, if needed can be corrected with valve replacement

murmur

unusual sound made by the heart

AMI (myocardial infarction)

heart attack

orthostatic hypotension

blood pressure falls when you stand up, may feel dizzy

palpitation

uncomfortable sensation in the chest, irregular heartbeat

pericarditis

an inflammation/infection of the pericardium

phlebitis

inflammation of the veins

Raynaud’s disease

severe spasms of the arterioles in hands and feet, triggered by stress or cold

rheumatic heart disease

condition occuring from result of rheumatic fever, generally patients are left with valve damage

tachycardia

fast heart rate

DVT (deep vein thrombosis)

a blood clot specifically located in the calf, generally after surgery or limited movement, from lack of excercise

varicose veins

veins become enlargened and twisted due to increased pressure

systole and diastole

NOT abnormal heart conditions! Systole is contraction of the heart, and Diastole is the resting period between contractions

aort/o

aorta

atri/o

atrium

coagul/o

clotting

erythr/o

red

phleb/o

vein

thromb/o

blood clot

vascul/o / vas/o

blood vessel

anastomosis

joining two tubular structures, end to end, side to side, or end to side

angiography

procedure uses radiopaque contrast dye into a vessel to show it on an x-ray image, shows blockage narrowing, or aneurysms

cardiac catheterization

insertion of a catheter through the femoral / brachial vein and advanced to the heart

cardiac stress test

tread mill excercise that records heart rate, BP, and EKG

CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)

technique using chest compression and artificial ventilation to keep blood flowing to the brain

cardioversion

re-establish a normal heart rhythm in a person with arrhythmia using electrodes

CABG (coronary artery by-pass graft)

bypass of an occluded coronary artery and restore blood flow to the heart

echocardiogram

records activity os heart using ultrasound

ECG / EKG

electrocardiogram records the electrical activity of the heart

endarterectomy

procedure removes plaque from occluded artery , think roto-rooter

Holter Monitor

recording device worn over 24 hours to track heart rate and rhythm while keeping diary of activity

Pacemaker insertion

establishment of a pocket subcutaneously attachment of 1 to 3 leads to heart to program regular rhythm

PTCA (precutaneous transluminary coronary angiography)

work on a coronary artery due to stenosis , a catheter is inserted threaded to area, ballon pumped to widen the vessel so a stent may be inserted

pericardiocentesis

fluid is aspirated from the pericardium

phlebotomy

venipuncture

vital signs

taking TPR (temperature, pulse, respiration)