Chem1211K - Unit3 Lecture #1: 10/14

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to energy in chemistry, including definitions of energy types, laws, reactions, and measurement techniques.

Energy

The ability to supply heat or work.

Kinetic Energy

Energy associated with motion.

Potential Energy

Energy of position, relating to the distance between charged species.

Law of Conservation of Energy

The energy of the universe is constant; energy can be transferred but not created or destroyed.

Thermal Energy

Energy associated with the temperature of a substance.

Heat (Q)

The transfer of energy from a substance of high temperature to one of lower temperature.

Path Function

A property depending on the pathway taken; examples include work and heat.

State Function

A property whose value is determined solely by the state of the system; examples include internal energy and pressure.

Heat Capacity

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius.

Exothermic Reaction

A reaction that releases heat to the surroundings.

Endothermic Reaction

A reaction that absorbs heat from the surroundings.

Calorimetry

The measurement of heat transfer during chemical reactions or physical changes.

System

The part of the universe being studied, such as the chemicals in a reaction.

Surroundings

Everything outside the system that can exchange energy with it.

Calorimeter

An instrument used to measure the heat involved in chemical reactions.

Specific Heat Capacity (Cs)

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.

Internal Energy (U)

The total kinetic and potential energy of a system.

PV Work

Pressure-volume work, a type of mechanical work done when a gas expands or contracts.

Temperature (T)

A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.

Joules (J)

The unit of measurement for energy, work, or heat.

Thermal Equilibrium

The state reached when two objects at different temperatures come into contact and eventually reach the same temperature.