Thorax and Lungs

These flashcards cover the key concepts related to the thorax and lungs based on the provided lecture notes.

The anterior thoracic cage includes the __________.

Clavicle, manubrium of sternum, costal cartilage.

The __________ is located at the 2nd intercostal space.

Suprasternal notch.

The body of the sternum is also referred to as the __________.

Sternum.

The angle of Louis is also known as the __________.

Manubriosternal angle.

The __________ is the part of the thoracic cage that encloses the lungs.

Thoracic cage.

C7 is also known as the __________.

Vertebra prominens.

The lateral reference line of the thoracic cage is called the __________.

Midaxillary line.

During inspiration, the diaphragm __________ as it contracts.

Descends.

The four main functions of the respiratory system include changing chest size, providing __________, and removing carbon dioxide.

Oxygen.

The external intercostals function to __________ the ribs.

Elevate.

Subjective data during a health history includes questions about __________ and shortness of breath.

Cough.

The objective data includes a physical examination of the __________ chest.

Anterior.

When palpating the posterior chest, healthcare providers check for __________ expansion.

Symmetric.

Breath sounds can be classified as bronchial, bronchovesicular, and __________.

Vesicular.

Tactile fremitus is assessed using the __________ of the hands.

Palpation.

The major adventitious lung sounds include wheezing and __________.

Crackles.

The normal respiratory rate for an adult is __________ breaths per minute.

12-20.

Barrel chest is a configuration of the thorax that can develop in __________.

Emphysema.

Changes in the older adult may include __________ of costal cartilages.

Calcification.

By age one, a child's chest circumference will equal the head __________.

Circumference.

The physical examination includes inspection, palpation, __________, and documentation.

Auscultation.

Infants are at risk for upper respiratory infections due to exposure to __________.

Environmental tobacco smoke.

Atelectasis is an abnormal respiratory condition characterized by __________ of the lung.

Collapse.

Abnormal findings in respiration patterns include tachypnea and __________.

Bradypnea.

The diaphragm plays a key role in __________ during respiration.

Inhalation.

Hyperventilation is characterized by an increased __________ rate and depth.

Ventilation.

Bronchial breath sounds are typically heard over the __________ area.

Trachea.

Patients with pleural effusion may have decreased __________ fremitus.

Tactile.

The xiphoid process is located at the __________ of the sternum.

Inferior.

The normal transverse diameter of the thorax is less than the __________ diameter.

Anteroposterior.

Wheeze sounds are associated with __________ airway obstruction.

Partial.

Tactile fremitus can be decreased in patients with __________ illness.

Pulmonary.

The anterior axillary line is a reference line located at the __________ of the axilla.

Front.

The primary muscles responsible for expiration are the __________ intercostals.

Internal.

Increased lung compliance may happen with loss of __________ elasticity.

Lung.

Kyphosis is a condition characterized by an exaggerated __________ curvature.

Thoracic.

The vesicular breath sounds are softer and __________ than bronchial sounds.

Fainter.

Auscultation of the lungs should be performed with the patient in a __________ position.

Sitting.

Adventitious sounds can include wheezes, crackles, and __________ rub.

Pleural.

The first rib is located at the __________ level of the thoracic spine.

T1.

Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the __________ spine.

Lateral.

In children, bronchial breath sounds are typically __________ than in adults in the upper lung fields.

Louder.

Crackles are classified as __________ sounds and can indicate fluid in the lungs.

Discontinuous.