WFC 110L: (SKULL) World Orders and Families

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Last updated 10:39 AM on 4/28/26

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82 Terms

New cards

Family: Tachyglossidae (Echidna)

Order: Monotremata

Subclass: Prototheria

Family, Order, Subclass

-no teeth

-slender, rod-like lower jaw

-bird-like helmet

-premaxilla separate and reconnect

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Family: Ornithorhynchidae (Platypus)

Order: Monotremata

Subclass: Prototheria

Family, Order, Subclass

-no teeth (but tooth-like structures)

-unique tips of mandibles

-premaxilla separate

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Family: Didelphidae (Virginia opossum)

Order: Didelphimorphia

Cohort: Ameridelphia

Infraclass: Metatheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Cohort, Infraclass, Subclass

-polyprotodont (5I/4i); tribosphenic molars

-well-developed canines

-well-developed sagittal crest

$Family, Order, Cohort, Infraclass, Subclass-polyprotodont (5I/4i); tribosphenic molars-well-developed canines-well-developed sagittal crest$

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Family: Dasyuridae (Tasmanian devil, quoll, dunnart)

Order: Dasyuromorphia

Cohort: Australidelphia

Infraclass: Metatheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Cohort, Infraclass, Subclass

-polyprotodont (4I, 3i); pronounced tribosphenic molar

-well-developed canines

-small sagittal crest

$Family, Order, Cohort, Infraclass, Subclass-polyprotodont (4I, 3i); pronounced tribosphenic molar-well-developed canines-small sagittal crest$

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Family: Peramelidae (Bandicoot)

Order: Peramelemorphia

Cohort: Australidelphia

Infraclass: Metatheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Cohort, Infraclass, Subclass

-polyprotodont (4-5I/3i)

-absent canines

-narrow skull

$Family, Order, Cohort, Infraclass, Subclass-polyprotodont (4-5I/3i)-absent canines-narrow skull$

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Family: Phalangeridae (Bush-tailed possum, cuscuses)

Order: Diprotodontia

Cohort: Australidelphia

Infraclass: Metatheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Cohort, Infraclass, Subclass

-diprotodont (3I/2i); bilophodont

-enlarged first cheek tooth on mandible

-very robust zygomatic arch; blocky skull

$Family, Order, Cohort, Infraclass, Subclass-diprotodont (3I/2i); bilophodont-enlarged first cheek tooth on mandible-very robust zygomatic arch; blocky skull$

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Family: Phascolarctidae (Koala)

Order: Diprotodontia

Cohort: Australidelphia

Infraclass: Metatheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Cohort, Infraclass, Subclass

-diprotodont (3I/3i); pyramid-like cusps

-parallel upper and lower teeth set

-robust zygomatic arch; blocky skull, tall jaw

$Family, Order, Cohort, Infraclass, Subclass-diprotodont (3I/3i); pyramid-like cusps-parallel upper and lower teeth set-robust zygomatic arch; blocky skull, tall jaw$

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Family: Pseudocheiridae (Ringtail possum, great glider)

Order: Diprotodontia

Cohort: Australidelphia

Infraclass: Metatheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Cohort, Infraclass, Subclass

-diprotodont (1-3I/1-2i)

-no sagittal crest; medium-length rostrum

-parallel upper and lower teeth set; level height

-absent canines, no enlarged cheek tooth

$Family, Order, Cohort, Infraclass, Subclass-diprotodont (1-3I/1-2i)-no sagittal crest; medium-length rostrum-parallel upper and lower teeth set; level height-absent canines, no enlarged cheek tooth$

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Family: Macropodidae (Kangaroo, Wallaby)

Order: Diprotodontia

Cohort: Australidelphia

Infraclass: Metatheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Cohort, Infraclass, Subclass

-diprotodont (3I/1i)

-small I, large i

-bilophodont molars

$Family, Order, Cohort, Infraclass, Subclass-diprotodont (3I/1i)-small I, large i-bilophodont molars$

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Family: Dasypodidae (Armadillo)

Order: Cingulata

Clade: Xenarthra

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Clade, Infraclass, Subclass

-no I/i or C/c

-small homodont cheek teeth

$Family, Order, Clade, Infraclass, Subclass-no I/i or C/c-small homodont cheek teeth$

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Family: Bradypodidae (3-toed sloth)

Order: Pilosa

Clade: Xenarthra

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Clade, Infraclass, Subclass

-no incisors or canines

-peg-like cheek teeth

-absent sagittal crest

$Family, Order, Clade, Infraclass, Subclass-no incisors or canines-peg-like cheek teeth-absent sagittal crest$

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Family: Choloepodidae (2-toed sloth)

Order: Pilosa

Clade: Xenarthra

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Clade, Infraclass, Subclass

-canine-like incisors

-peg-like cheek teeth

-absent sagittal crest

$Family, Order, Clade, Infraclass, Subclass-canine-like incisors-peg-like cheek teeth-absent sagittal crest$

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Family: Myrmecophagidae (Anteater)

Order: Pilosa

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-no teeth

-rod-like mandible

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-no teeth-rod-like mandible$

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Family: Orycteropodidae (Aardvark)

Order: Tubulidentata

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-peg-like teeth

-no I/I or C/c

-long, narrow rostrum

-zygomatic arch complete

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-peg-like teeth-no I/I or C/c-long, narrow rostrum-zygomatic arch complete$

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Family: Procaviidae (Hyrax)

Order: Hyracoidea

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-prominent postorbital process of frontal bone

-interparietal bone

-incisor-like canine on upper mandible

-bilophodont, tall cusps

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-prominent postorbital process of frontal bone-interparietal bone-incisor-like canine on upper mandible-bilophodont, tall cusps$

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Family: Elephantidae (Elephant)

Order: Proboscidea

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-high, prominent nasal foramen

-large upper incisors (or openings for them)

-large tooth in each side of mandible

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-high, prominent nasal foramen-large upper incisors (or openings for them)-large tooth in each side of mandible$

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Family: Dugongidae (Dugong)

Order: Sirenia

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-dolphin-like tail

-shallow cleft lip

-no nails on flipper

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-dolphin-like tail-shallow cleft lip-no nails on flipper$

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Family: Trichechidae (Manatee)

Order: Sirenia

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-prominent, robust, incomplete zygomatic arch

-wide anterior opening on dorsal side

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-prominent, robust, incomplete zygomatic arch-wide anterior opening on dorsal side$

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Family: Lemuridae (Lemur)

Suborder: Strepsirrhini

Order: Primates

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-postorbital bar

-comb tooth

$Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-postorbital bar-comb tooth$

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Parvorder: Platyrrhini (Monkeys, Tamarin)

Suborder: Haplorrhini

Order: Primates

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Parvorder, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-postorbital plate

-3/3 PM; 6 cheek teeth

auditory bulla does not extend laterally as a bony tube

$Parvorder, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-postorbital plate-3/3 PM; 6 cheek teethauditory bulla does not extend laterally as a bony tube$

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Family: Cercopithecidae (Monkeys)

Parvorder: Catarrhini

Suborder: Haplorrhini

Order: Primates

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Parvorder, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-postorbital plate

-2/2 PM; 5 cheek teeth

-flat ridge under orbit

-molars quadritubercular, bilophodont

$Family, Parvorder, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-postorbital plate-2/2 PM; 5 cheek teeth-flat ridge under orbit-molars quadritubercular, bilophodont$

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Family: Hylobatidae (Gibbon)

Parvorder: Catarrhini

Suborder: Haplorrhini

Order: Primates

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Parvorder, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-postorbital plate

-2/2 PM; 5 cheek teeth

-jutting ridge under orbit

$Family, Parvorder, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-postorbital plate-2/2 PM; 5 cheek teeth-jutting ridge under orbit$

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Family: Hominidae (Great Apes)

Parvorder: Catarrhini

Suborder: Haplorrhini

Order: Primates

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Parvorder, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-postorbital plate

-2/2 PM; 5 cheek teeth

-Y5 cusp pattern; sagittal crest

$Family, Parvorder, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-postorbital plate-2/2 PM; 5 cheek teeth-Y5 cusp pattern; sagittal crest$

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Family: Tupiidae (Tree Shrew)

Order: Scandentia

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-sideways facing eyes

-narrow rostrum, smooth cranium

-hole in zygomatic arch

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-sideways facing eyes-narrow rostrum, smooth cranium-hole in zygomatic arch$

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Family: Cynocephalidae (Skin Wing)

Order: Dermoptera

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-Pectinate (comb-like) lower incisors

-sideways facing eyes

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-Pectinate (comb-like) lower incisors -sideways facing eyes $

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Family: Ochotonidae (Pika)

Order: Lagomorpha

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-2nd I peg-like, behind main I

-jutting jugal bone past zygomatic arch

-minor perforations in maxilla

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-2nd I peg-like, behind main I-jutting jugal bone past zygomatic arch-minor perforations in maxilla$

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Family: Leporidae (Rabbits, Hares)

Order: Lagomorpha

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-2nd I peg-like, behind main I

-fan-shaped postorbital process of frontal bone

-major perforations in maxilla

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-2nd I peg-like, behind main I-fan-shaped postorbital process of frontal bone-major perforations in maxilla$

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Family: Aplodontidae (Sewellel)

Suborder: Sciuromorpha

Order: Rodentia

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-apple teeth

-infraorbital foramen small, rounded; front view, protogomorphous

$Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-apple teeth-infraorbital foramen small, rounded; front view, protogomorphous$

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Family: Sciuridae (Squirrels, chipmunks, marmots, prairie dogs)

Suborder: Sciuromorpha

Order: Rodentia

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-infraorbital foramen small, slit/teardrop shaped (sciuromorphus); front view

-zygomatic plate

-long postorbital process of frontal bone

$Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-infraorbital foramen small, slit/teardrop shaped (sciuromorphus); front view-zygomatic plate-long postorbital process of frontal bone$

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Family: Castoridae (Beaver)

Suborder: Castorimorpha

Order: Rodentia

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-robust skull, zygomatic plate and arch

-infraorbital foramen small, slit/teardrop shaped (sciuromorphus); front view

-very small postorbial process

-distinct depression in basioccipital bone

$Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-robust skull, zygomatic plate and arch-infraorbital foramen small, slit/teardrop shaped (sciuromorphus); front view-very small postorbial process-distinct depression in basioccipital bone$

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Family: Geomyidae (Pocket Gopher)

Suborder: Castorimorpha

Order: Rodentia

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-infraorbital foramen side view (pseudomyomorphus)

-8-shaped first cheek tooth

-flat skull, robust zygomatic arch jutting out

-well developed temporal rideges

-2 large pits posterior to palate

$Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-infraorbital foramen side view (pseudomyomorphus)-8-shaped first cheek tooth-flat skull, robust zygomatic arch jutting out-well developed temporal rideges-2 large pits posterior to palate$

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Family: Heteromyidae (Kangaroo Rat, Pocket Mice)

Suborder: Castorimorpha

Order: Rodentia

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-nasal bones extend past I

-infraorbital foramen large, side view (pseudomyomorphus)

$Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-nasal bones extend past I-infraorbital foramen large, side view (pseudomyomorphus)$

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Family: Macroscelididae (Elephant Shrew)

Order: Macroscelidea

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

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Family: Cricetidae (Voles, Lemmings, New World Mice & Rats)

Suborder: Myomorpha

Order: Rodentia

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-prismatic cheek teeth

-myomorphous front-facing infraorbital foramen (round vertical oval)

-flat cranium

$Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-prismatic cheek teeth-myomorphous front-facing infraorbital foramen (round vertical oval)-flat cranium$

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Family: Muridae (Old World Rats & Mice)

Suborder: Myomorpha

Order: Rodentia

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-round "bubbly" cheek teeth; 3 rows of cusps

-myomorphous front-facing infraorbital foramen (round)

-flat cranium

$Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-round "bubbly" cheek teeth; 3 rows of cusps-myomorphous front-facing infraorbital foramen (round)-flat cranium$

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Family: Zapodidae (Jerboa, Jumping Mice)

Suborder: Myomorpha

Order: Rodentia

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-nasal bones extending beyond I

-hystricomorphous, IO large

$Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-nasal bones extending beyond I-hystricomorphous, IO large$

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Family: Hystricidae (Old World Porcupine)

Suborder: Hystricomorpha

Order: Rodentia

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

sub-Saharan Africa, SW/S Asia, Indonesia

$Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclasssub-Saharan Africa, SW/S Asia, Indonesia$

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Family: Erethizontidae (New World Porcupine)

Suborder: Hystricomorpha

Order: Rodentia

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-myomorphus; thin, clean arch

-lophodont (hoof-shaped?, wiggles)

$Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-myomorphus; thin, clean arch-lophodont (hoof-shaped?, wiggles)$

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Family: Caviidae (Capybara, Guinea Pig)

Suborder: Hystricomorpha

Order: Rodentia

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-hystricomorphous

-washboard-like teeth

-wide mandible

$Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-hystricomorphous-washboard-like teeth-wide mandible$

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Family: Chinchillidae (Chinchilla)

Suborder: Hystricomorpha

Order: Rodentia

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-inflated auditory bullae; round orbit

-lophodont;

$Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-inflated auditory bullae; round orbit-lophodont; $

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Family: Erinaceidae (Hedgehog, Moon Rat)

Order: Eulipotyphla

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-narrow skull, long rostrum; small sagittal crest

-long incisors

-quadrate molar

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-narrow skull, long rostrum; small sagittal crest-long incisors-quadrate molar$

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Family: Soricidae (Shrew)

Order: Eulipotyphla

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-small, triangular skull

-red teeth

-dilambodont teeth

-no zygomatic arch or auditory bullae

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-small, triangular skull-red teeth-dilambodont teeth-no zygomatic arch or auditory bullae$

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Family: Talpidae (Mole)

Order: Eulipotyphla

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-long skull, narrow zygomatic arch

-dilambdont shaped molar, pointy teeth

-complete zygomatic arch

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-long skull, narrow zygomatic arch-dilambdont shaped molar, pointy teeth-complete zygomatic arch$

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Family: Pteropodidae (Old World Fruit Bat)

Order: Chiroptera

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-large, blunt triangular cheek teeth

-absent angular process; large postorbital process

-simple pinna

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-large, blunt triangular cheek teeth-absent angular process; large postorbital process-simple pinna$

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Family: Phyllostomidae (Leaf-nosed Bat)

Order: Chiroptera

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-two palatal foramina

-narrow or blunt skulls

-no postorbital process

-tail may or may not be free

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-two palatal foramina-narrow or blunt skulls-no postorbital process-tail may or may not be free$

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Family: Molossidae (Free-tailed Bat)

Order: Chiroptera

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-short palate bone

-premaxillae with nasal pranches

-free tail, small tragus

-1I / 1-3i

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-short palate bone-premaxillae with nasal pranches -free tail, small tragus-1I / 1-3i<img src="https://assets.knowt.com/user-attachments/77fe254a-3647-40ae-b273-01ff4400fe21.jpg" data-width="100%" data-align="center">$

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Family: Vespertilionidae (Common Bat)

Order: Chiroptera

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-long palate bone

-always has a split palate

-1-2I / 2-3i

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-long palate bone-always has a split palate-1-2I / 2-3i<img src="https://assets.knowt.com/user-attachments/1b5e289c-23b0-4091-9bad-a6f5e15bea8f.jpg" data-width="100%" data-align="center">$

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Family: Manidae (Pangolin)

Order: Philodota

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass$

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Family: Felidae (Cat)

Suborder: Feliformia

Order: Carnivora

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-reduced teeth set, long canines

-round skull, short rostrum

-alisphenoid canal absent

$Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-reduced teeth set, long canines-round skull, short rostrum-alisphenoid canal absent$

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Family: Viverridae (Genet, civet)

Suborder: Feliformia

Order: Carnivora

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-angled division in auditory bullae

-longer rostrum

-tribosphenic molar; last molar not constricted

$Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-angled division in auditory bullae-longer rostrum-tribosphenic molar; last molar not constricted$

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Family: Herpestidae (Mongoose, meerkat)

Suborder: Feliformia

Order: Carnivora

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-straight division in auditory bullae

-postorbital bar

-longer rostrum

-tribosphenic molar

$Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-straight division in auditory bullae-postorbital bar-longer rostrum-tribosphenic molar$

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Family: Hyaenidae (Hyena, Aardwolf)

Suborder: Feliformia

Order: Carnivora

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-large sagittal crest

$Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-large sagittal crest$

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Family: Canidae

Suborder: Caniformia

Order: Carnivora

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-10 teeth

-alisphenoid canal

-pp > mp

-long rostrum

-shearing teeth

-last M large, transversely elongated

$Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-10 teeth-alisphenoid canal-pp > mp-long rostrum-shearing teeth-last M large, transversely elongated$

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Family: Ursidae

Suborder: Caniformia

Order: Carnivora

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-alisphenoid canal

-short rostrum

-bunodont teeth

$Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-alisphenoid canal-short rostrum-bunodont teeth$

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Family: Otariidae (Eared Seal)

Suborder: Caniformia

Order: Carnivora

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-sagittal crest

-2C/1c

-mushroom shaped cheek teeth

$Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-sagittal crest-2C/1c-mushroom shaped cheek teeth$

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Family: Odobenidae (Walrus)

Suborder: Caniformia

Order: Carnivora

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-tusks

$Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-tusks$

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Family: Phocidae (Earless seal)

Suborder: Caniformia

Order: Carnivora

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-little sagittal crest

-med-length rostrum

-1C/1c

-shearing teeth

-mastoid process bound to auditory bullae

$Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-little sagittal crest-med-length rostrum-1C/1c-shearing teeth-mastoid process bound to auditory bullae$

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Family: Mephitidae (Skunk)

Suborder: Caniformia

Order: Carnivora

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-8 teeth

-square last M

-shorter palate length

$Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-8 teeth-square last M-shorter palate length$

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Family: Mustelidae (Badger, Weasel, Otter)

Suborder: Caniformia

Order: Carnivora

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-8-9 teeth

-dumbbell last M

-longer palate length

-postmandibular process strongly developed (often holding mandible in place)

$Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-8-9 teeth-dumbbell last M-longer palate length-postmandibular process strongly developed (often holding mandible in place)$

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Family: Procyonidae (Raccoon, Ringtail)

Suborder: Caniformia

Order: Carnivora

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-10 teeth

-lower, wider cheek teeth

-no alisphenoid canal

$Family, Suborder, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-10 teeth-lower, wider cheek teeth-no alisphenoid canal$

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Family: Tapiridae (Tapir)

Order: Perissodactyla

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-large crests and bony protrusions

-dipping zygomatic arch

-2C/1c

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-large crests and bony protrusions-dipping zygomatic arch-2C/1c$

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Family: Rhinocerotidae (Rhinoceros)

Order: Perissodactyla

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-protruding nasal bone

-large cresting bone

-wide, blunt teeth

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-protruding nasal bone-large cresting bone-wide, blunt teeth$

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Family: Equidae (Equines)

Order: Perissodactyla

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-long rostrum with sloping forehead

-wide, blunt selenodont(?) teeth

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-long rostrum with sloping forehead-wide, blunt selenodont(?) teeth$

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Family: Suidae (Pig, Boar)

Order: Artiodactyla

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-tusks curving upward

-bunodont; round teeth

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-tusks curving upward-bunodont; round teeth$

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Family: Tayassuidae (Peccaries)

Order: Artiodactyla

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-tusks straight, curving downward

-bunodont teeth

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-tusks straight, curving downward-bunodont teeth$

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Family: Hippopotamidae (Hippopotamus)

Order: Artiodactyla

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-2C/2c; large, protruding teeth

-wide mandible

-small orbit to skull ratio

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-2C/2c; large, protruding teeth-wide mandible-small orbit to skull ratio$

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Family: Camelidae (Camel, Llama, Alpaca, Guanacos)

Order: Artiodactyla

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-2 curving C-like teeth, 1c

-postorbital bar

-selenodont

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-2 curving C-like teeth, 1c-postorbital bar-selenodont$

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Family: Antilocapridae (Pronghorn)

Order: Artiodactyla

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-pronged sheaths

-selenodont

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-pronged sheaths-selenodont$

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Family: Cervidae (Deer, Elk, Moose)

Order: Artiodactyla

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-lachrimal foramen, lachrimal depression

-antlers (sometimes)

-postorbital bar

-selenodont teeth

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-lachrimal foramen, lachrimal depression-antlers (sometimes)-postorbital bar-selenodont teeth$

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Family: Giraffidae (Giraffe, Okapi)

Order: Artiodactyla

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-ossicones present

-post-orbital bar

-selenodont

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-ossicones present-post-orbital bar-selenodont$

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Family: Bovidae (Cattle, Antilope, Goat, Sheep)

Order: Artiodactyla

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass

-horns present (mostly)

-no lachrimal foramen or depression

-selenodont typically

$Family, Order, Infraclass, Subclass-horns present (mostly)-no lachrimal foramen or depression-selenodont typically$

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Family: Balaenidae (Bowhead Whale, Right Whale)

Subclade: Mysticeti

Clade: Cetacea

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Subclade, Clade, Infraclass, Subclass

-no longitudinal furrows

-long baleen

-wide skull

$Family, Subclade, Clade, Infraclass, Subclass-no longitudinal furrows-long baleen-wide skull$

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Family: Balaenopteridae (Humpback Whale, Rorquals)

Subclade: Mysticeti

Clade: Cetacea

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Subclade, Clade, Infraclass, Subclass

-longitudinal furrows

-med-length baleen, mouth doesn't curve much

-narrow skull

$Family, Subclade, Clade, Infraclass, Subclass-longitudinal furrows-med-length baleen, mouth doesn't curve much-narrow skull$

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Family: Eschrichtiidae (Gray Whale)

Subclade: Mysticeti

Clade: Cetacea

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Subclade, Clade, Infraclass, Subclass

-some longitudinal furrows

-short baleen

-no dorsal fin

$Family, Subclade, Clade, Infraclass, Subclass-some longitudinal furrows-short baleen-no dorsal fin$

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Family: Delphinidae (Dolphin, Pilot Whale)

Subclade: Odontoceti

Clade: Cetacea

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Subclade, Clade, Infraclass, Subclass

-variable snout (beak/forehead often present)

-small size

-peg-like teeth

-no boss

$Family, Subclade, Clade, Infraclass, Subclass-variable snout (beak/forehead often present)-small size-peg-like teeth-no boss$

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Family: Phocoenidae (Porpoise)

Subclade: Odontoceti

Clade: Cetacea

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Subclade, Clade, Infraclass, Subclass

-boss present

-lacks beak

-spade-like teeth

$Family, Subclade, Clade, Infraclass, Subclass-boss present-lacks beak-spade-like teeth$

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Family: Monodontidae (Beluga, Narwhal)

Subclade: Odontoceti

Clade: Cetacea

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Subclade, Clade, Infraclass, Subclass

-short snout

-no dorsal fin

$Family, Subclade, Clade, Infraclass, Subclass-short snout-no dorsal fin$

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Family: Physeteridae (Sperm Whale)

Subclade: Odontoceti

Clade: Cetacea

Infraclass: Eutheria

Subclass: Theria

Family, Subclade, Clade, Infraclass, Subclass

-giant head, small mouth

$Family, Subclade, Clade, Infraclass, Subclass-giant head, small mouth$

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