Social Sciences Practice Flashcards

A set of 90 practice flashcards covering core concepts, figures, theories, and social issues in the social sciences based on lecture notes.

How is Anthropology defined in the social sciences?

The study of human societies, cultures, and their development.

What is the core focus of the discipline of Psychology?

Scientific study of the human mind and behavior.

How is Sociology defined?

Study of social behavior, institutions, and structures in society.

What are Social Norms?

Unwritten rules that govern behavior within a group or society.

What does the Cultural branch of anthropology focus on?

Cultural beliefs, rituals, and traditions.

What is the focus area of Social Anthropology?

Social structures and institutions.

What does Physical Anthropology study?

Biological and evolutionary development of humans.

In Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory, what is the 'Id'?

Instinctual desires associated with the Pleasure Principle.

According to Freud, what part of the mind acts as the rational mediator?

The Ego, which operates on the Reality Principle.

What is the role of the 'Superego' in Freud's theory?

Internal moral standards associated with the Morality Principle.

In Freud’s Iceberg Model, what does the 'Conscious' represent?

Thoughts we're aware of.

In Freud’s Iceberg Model, how is the 'Preconscious' described?

Easily accessible info.

What is contained in the 'Unconscious' according to Freud’s Iceberg Model?

Deep, hidden desires and memories.

What is the main focus of Behaviorism?

Focuses on observable behavior, not thoughts.

What does Learning Theory suggest about behavior?

Behavior is learned through environment and conditioning.

What was the core concept of B.F. Skinner’s experiment?

Operant Conditioning, which is learning through rewards and punishment.

What psychological concept did Albert Bandura’s Bobo Doll experiment demonstrate?

Observational learning, specifically modeling behavior.

How does the Sociological theory of Functionalism explain society?

Society as interrelated parts promoting stability.

What does Neo-Marxism analyze?

Inequality using Marxist and cultural perspectives.

What is the goal of Inclusionism?

Advocates for incorporating diverse groups.

What is the focus of Symbolic Interactionism?

Focuses on meaning created through social interaction.

What is 'Intersectionality' in sociological theory?

Interconnection of race, gender, class, and identities.

What is the objective of Radical Feminist theory?

To dismantle patriarchy.

How does Socialist Feminist theory link oppression?

It links oppression to capitalism.

What is the focus of Marxist Feminist theory?

Class and economic exploitation of women.

What does Liberal Feminist theory advocate for?

Legal and political equality.

What is the general definition of Social Change?

Changes in social order due to cultural, economic, political, or technological shifts.

How is 'Accumulation' defined as a factor of social change?

Gradual knowledge buildup.

What is 'Diffusion of Innovation'?

The spread of cultural ideas.

How does 'Discourse' affect social change?

Debates and communication shaping ideas.

How does Geography influence social change?

Through the natural environment’s influence.

What are examples of 'External Events' that drive social change?

Wars, disasters, and revolutions.

What are 'Human Factors' in the context of change?

Individuals or groups driving change.

Why is Technology considered a factor of social change?

It involves transformative inventions.

What is the Sociological perspective on change?

Evolving institutions and structures.

What is the Anthropological perspective on change?

Cultural evolution over time.

What is the Psychological perspective on change?

Shifts in behavior and thought.

What are the seven types of globalization impacts?

Industrial, Financial, Economic, Cultural, Social, Legal, and Informational.

What are the general effects of Globalization?

Societies, economies, and cultures change through interconnectedness.

What is the basis of Modernization Theory?

Linear development from traditional to modern.

What does Dependency Theory argue regarding underdevelopment?

It is due to exploitation by wealthier nations.

In World Systems Theory, how are 'Core' nations described?

Wealthy nations.

In World Systems Theory, how are 'Periphery' nations described?

Poor nations.

What are 'Semi-Periphery' nations in World Systems Theory?

Nations that are intermediate in status.

How does Functionalism view Globalization?

It increases social cohesion.

What is the Conflict Theory perspective on Globalization?

Globalization maintains inequality and elite power.

What is the focus of the Feminist Theory critique of globalization?

A gender-focused critique.

How does Social Control Theory relate to globalization?

Social norms guide behavior, but they are challenged by globalization.

What is the premise of Differential Association in a global context?

Deviance is learned and spread via global interactions.

Where do Multinational Corporations (MNCs) operate?

They operate in multiple countries.

What do Multinational Corporations influence?

Labor markets, economies, and cultures.

What is a 'Pro' of Multinational Corporations?

Economic growth.

What are the 'Cons' of Multinational Corporations?

Exploitation and inequality.

What is 'Homogenization'?

Cultures becoming uniform due to globalization.

What is the risk associated with Homogenization?

Loss of diversity and traditions.

What is 'The True Cost'?

A documentary on the impact of fast fashion.

What are the focal points of 'The True Cost'?

Worker exploitation, environmental harm, and consumerism.

What is the cultural process of 'Assimilation'?

Adoption into the dominant culture.

What is the cultural process of 'Acculturation'?

Cultural exchange without full absorption.

What is 'Syncretism'?

Fusion of different cultural traditions into new ones.

What is a 'Paradigm Shift'?

A major change in scientific or cultural worldview.

Who was Genie in social science case studies?

A feral child used to study the effects of social isolation on development.

What was the insight from the Asch Conformity Experiment?

The influence of peer pressure in decision making.

What were Max Weber’s main contributions?

Bureaucracy, authority types, and rationalization.

Who was Nellie McClung?

A Canadian feminist and social justice advocate.

How is 'Alienation' defined as a social response?

Feeling disconnected from societal norms.

What is 'Isolation' in a social context?

Lack of interaction or support.

What is 'Conformity'?

Adopting group norms, resisting or enabling change.

What is Absolute Poverty?

Basic needs are not met.

What is Relative Poverty?

Feeling poor compared to societal standards.

What is Situational Poverty?

Temporary poverty due to a crisis.

What is Generational Poverty?

Poverty that is passed down over generations.

What happened in $1929$ that contributed to the Great Depression?

The stock market crash.

Name a financial factor leading to the Great Depression.

Bank failures.

What was a labor factor of the Great Depression?

High unemployment.

How did trade contribute to the Great Depression?

Reduction in consumer spending and global trade.

Who are the 'Baby Boomers'?

A specific demographic generation mentioned in the sociological context.

What generation follow the Baby Boomers?

Generation X.

What is the alternative name for Millennials?

Generation Y.

Who comes after Millennials?

Generation Z.

What is the latest generation mentioned in the notes?

Generation Alpha.

What is a Population Pyramid?

A graphical representation of population age and gender structure.

What kind of growth trends can Population Pyramids show?

Expanding, stable, or contracting trends.

Besides growth, what can Population Pyramids show about a society?

Societal aging.

What external impacts can be identified using Population Pyramids?

Impact of migration, war, or policies.

Which branch of anthropology would study the evolution of the human skeleton?

Physical Anthropology.

In Neo-Marxism, what tools are used to analyze inequality?

Marxist and cultural perspectives.

What is the link between the Reality Principle and Freud’s Ego?

The Ego is the rational mediator that operates on the Reality Principle.

Which theory suggests globalization is a linear path from traditional to modern states?

Modernization Theory.

According to World Systems Theory, which group is intermediate between Core and Periphery?

Semi-Periphery.