Unit 2 Vocabulary

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Last updated 2:37 PM on 4/12/26
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54 Terms

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Age/sex ratio

comparison of the numbers of males and females of different ages

<p>comparison of the numbers of males and females of different ages</p>
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Agricultural density

the ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land

<p>the ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land</p>
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Antinatalist policies

when a country provides incentives for people to have fewer children (sometimes including punishments)

<p>when a country provides incentives for people to have fewer children (sometimes including punishments)</p>
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Arable land

land that can be farmed

<p>land that can be farmed</p>
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Arithmetic density

the total number of people divided by the total land area

<p>the total number of people divided by the total land area</p>
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Asylum seeker

a person seeking residence in a country outside of their own because they fleeing persecution

<p>a person seeking residence in a country outside of their own because they fleeing persecution</p>
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Brain drain

when the majority of educated or skilled workers leave an area to pursue better opportunities elsewhere

<p>when the majority of educated or skilled workers leave an area to pursue better opportunities elsewhere</p>
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Carrying capacity

the maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain

<p>the maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain</p>
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chain migration

a series of migrations within a group that begins with one person who through contact with the group, pulls people to migrate to the same area.

<p>a series of migrations within a group that begins with one person who through contact with the group, pulls people to migrate to the same area.</p>
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Contraception

methods of preventing pregnancy

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Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

the number of live births per one thousand people in the population

<p>the number of live births per one thousand people in the population</p>
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Crude Death Rate (CDR)

the number of deaths per one thousand people in the population

<p>the number of deaths per one thousand people in the population</p>
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Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

a model that helps explain how countries throughout the world tend to proceed through a similar process in term of CBR, CDR, and population

<p>a model that helps explain how countries throughout the world tend to proceed through a similar process in term of CBR, CDR, and population</p>
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Demography

the study of population

<p>the study of population</p>
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Dependency ratio

the ratio of the number of people not in the work force (dependents) and those who are in the work force (producers) - useful for understanding the pressure on the producers

<p>the ratio of the number of people not in the work force (dependents) and those who are in the work force (producers) - useful for understanding the pressure on the producers</p>
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Doubling time

the time period it takes for a population to double in size

<p>the time period it takes for a population to double in size</p>
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Ecumene

the permanently inhabited portion of the earth

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Emigration

leaving an area as part of a permanent move

<p>leaving an area as part of a permanent move</p>
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Environmental degradation

deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water and soil and habitat destruction

<p>deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water and soil and habitat destruction</p>
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Epidemiologic transition

distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition

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Fecundity

fancy word for fertility or the ability of a woman to conceive

<p>fancy word for fertility or the ability of a woman to conceive</p>
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Fertility

the number of live births occurring in a population

<p>the number of live births occurring in a population</p>
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Forced migration

when people migrate not because the want to but because they have no other choice

<p>when people migrate not because the want to but because they have no other choice</p>
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General Fertility Rate (GFR)

the number of live births per one thousand women in their childbearing (fecund) years

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Graying population

a shift in population where older people (gray hair!) become a bigger portion, usually as a result of declining birth rates

<p>a shift in population where older people (gray hair!) become a bigger portion, usually as a result of declining birth rates</p>
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Guest worker

a legal immigrant who is allowed into the country to work, usually for a relatively short time period

<p>a legal immigrant who is allowed into the country to work, usually for a relatively short time period</p>
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Immigration

coming into an area as part of a permanent move

<p>coming into an area as part of a permanent move</p>
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Industrial Revolution

economic and social changes resulting from technology changes that started in England in 1760 - moving away from hand tools to power-driven machines

<p>economic and social changes resulting from technology changes that started in England in 1760 - moving away from hand tools to power-driven machines</p>
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Infant mortality rate (IMR)

the number of children who don't survive their first year of life per 1000 live births in a country

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internally displaced persons

a person forced to flee their home who remains in their home country

<p>a person forced to flee their home who remains in their home country</p>
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Intervening obstacle

an obstacle that hinders or blocks migration

<p>an obstacle that hinders or blocks migration</p>
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Intervening opportunity

a favorable circumstance that causes people to stop a planned migration to take advantage of the prospect

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Life expectancy

the average number of years a person born in a country might expect to live

<p>the average number of years a person born in a country might expect to live</p>
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Medical revolution

medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives

<p>medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives</p>
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Mortality

the number of deaths occurring in a population

<p>the number of deaths occurring in a population</p>
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Net migration

the difference between immigrants and emigrants per 1,000 inhabitants. (+Positive net migration means more people moving in than moving out, -negative net migration means more people moving out than moving in)

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Overpopulation

when there are not enough resources in an area to support a population

<p>when there are not enough resources in an area to support a population</p>
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Physiological density

the number of people per unit of arable land

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Population distribution

the pattern of where people live

<p>the pattern of where people live</p>
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Population pyramid

a graph of the population of an area by age and sex - when a population is growing it takes a pyramid shape, hence the name

<p>a graph of the population of an area by age and sex - when a population is growing it takes a pyramid shape, hence the name</p>
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Pronatalist policies

when a country provides incentives for people to have more children

<p>when a country provides incentives for people to have more children</p>
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Pull factor

a motivator that draws people into an area

<p>a motivator that draws people into an area</p>
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Push factor

a force that motivates people to leave an area

<p>a force that motivates people to leave an area</p>
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Rate of natural increase (RNI) [Unfortunately its also known as natural increase rate]

(birth rate - death rate)/10 - a postive NIR means a population is growing and a negative NIR means a population is shrinking

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Refugee

a person who flees their home country and is not able to return

<p>a person who flees their home country and is not able to return</p>
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Replacement-fertility level

when a population is neither growing or shrinking but staying about the same (an NIR of 0 or TFR of 2.1)

<p>when a population is neither growing or shrinking but staying about the same (an NIR of 0 or TFR of 2.1)</p>
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Step migration

migration to a far away place that takes place in stages

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Total fertility rate (TFR)

the average number of children a woman is predicted to have in her child bearing (fecund) years

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Transhumance

moving herds of animals to the highlands in the summer and into the low lands in the winter

<p>moving herds of animals to the highlands in the summer and into the low lands in the winter</p>
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Transnational migration

moving across a border into another country

<p>moving across a border into another country</p>
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Unauthorized immigrant

person moving into a country without authorization (also know as illegal immigrants)

<p>person moving into a country without authorization (also know as illegal immigrants)</p>
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Urban

having to do with cities - urban areas are cities

<p>having to do with cities - urban areas are cities</p>
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Voluntary migration

people choosing to migrate (not being forced)

<p>people choosing to migrate (not being forced)</p>
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Zero population growth (ZPG)

when a country reaches replacement level fertility