Bio Review #1 Flashcards

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers concepts related to viruses, bacteria, protists, and fungi based on the lecture review transcript.

Viruses

Non-cellular entities consisting of RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein coat that cannot make proteins or use energy.

Tuberculosis

A disease of the respiratory tract caused by bacteria, often mistaken for one caused by a virus.

Mumps

A viral disease characterized by the painful swelling of a salivary gland.

Lytic cycle

The cycle of viral infection, replication, and host cell destruction.

Peptidoglycan

The material that makes up the rigid cell walls of bacteria.

Gram-negative and Gram-positive

Classifications of bacteria that differ in their response to various antibiotics.

Bacterial chromosome

A structure within bacteria that contains a single circular piece of DNA.

Bacillus

A rod-shaped genus of bacteria that is also known for producing antibiotics.

Bacterial endospores

Structures that allow certain bacterial species to survive harsh environmental conditions.

Pili

Short, thin, hairlike projections found on bacteria like Escherichia coli.

Alexander Fleming

The British bacteriologist credited with the discovery of penicillin.

Bubonic plague

A bacterial disease transmitted from rodents to humans via fleas.

Kingdom Protista

A kingdom containing eukaryotes that lack the distinct features of animals, plants, or fungi.

Zoospores

Reproductive cells in protists produced as a result of mitosis.

Diatoms

A type of protist with shells that regenerates a new shell after slipping out of its old one when it becomes too small.

Euglena

A type of protist characterized by being both autotrophic and heterotrophic.

Contractile vacuole

The structure in a Paramecium responsible for forcing excess water out of the body.

Pseudopodia

Locomotion structures used by amoebas for movement and for capturing food through engulfing.

Plasmodium

The genus of several protozoan species that cause malaria.

Sporozoite

The stage in the life cycle of Plasmodium where it lives in mosquitoes and is injected into humans.

Chitin

A tough material found in the cell walls of fungi and the outer shells of insects.

Hyphae

The individual filaments that make up the body of a fungus; their cells are divided by walls.

Ascomycetes

Also known as sac fungi, this group has saclike reproductive cells and includes truffles and baking yeast.

Zygomycetes

A group of fungi that includes molds that commonly grow on bread.

Zygospores

Structures that allow molds to remain dormant until environmental conditions are favorable.

Sporangia

Reproductive structures in fungi where spores are formed.

Lichen

A symbiotic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner, such as algae.

Mycorrhizae

A symbiotic association between a fungus and plant roots that aids in the transfer of minerals from the soil to the plant.