COMMUNICABLE DISEASESES (SUPPLEMENTAL)

COMMUNICABLE PERIOD

a time during which the infectious agent may be transferred directly or indirectly from an infected person to another person, or from an infected animal to man

CONTACT

any person or animal known to have been in such association with an infected person or animal having the opportunity of acquiring the infection

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

A contagious disease transmitted by contact.

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

an illness due to a specific infectious agent or its toxic product arising through transmission of that agent either directly as from an infected person or animal or indirectly through the agency of an intermediate plant or animal host, a vector or the inanimate environment.

EPIDEMIOLOGY

The study of the distribution of a disease or condition in a population.

EPIDEMIOLOGY

The science that deals with the inter-relationship of the various factors and conditions which determine the frequencies and distributions of an infectious process, a disease or a physical state in a human community.

EPIDEMIOLOGIST

a person vested in epidemiology who may also direct measures to control or prevent epidemics.

CHANNELS OF INFECTION

means through which the body becomes infected by disease-producing agents

HOST

A person or other living organism that can be infected by an infectious agent under natural conditions.

CARRIER

a person or animal without apparent disease who harbors a specific infectious agent and is capable of transmitting the agent to others.

INCUBATION PERIOD

the time from the moment of exposure to an infectious agent until signs and symptoms of the disease appear

SPORADIC

implies the occurrence of a few scattered cases of the disease without relationship to other cases; a few cases every now and then.

ENDEMIC

e term applied to a specific disease when it normally prevails in a locality and does not fluctuate markedly from the normal expected incidence in the community.

EPIDEMIC

incidence of a communicable disease among a number of people to an extent that is recognized statistically as being well beyond the normal expectancy for the disease in a community in a definite period of time.

PANDEMIC

affects large number of people at the same time and transcends community boundaries.

EPIZOOTIC

epidemic among animals.

ZOONOSIS

Infection or an infections disease of animals transmissible under natural conditions to man.

ANTIBIOTIC

medications that weaken or kill bacteria, and are used to treat infections caused by bacteria.

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE

when bacteria can no longer be killed by a particular antibiotic.

COLONIZATION

when bacteria are present in a person's nose, mouth, gut or other site, but do not cause illness

INFECTION

When a bacterium or other germ (like a virus) causes illness in a person

TOXIN

any poisonous substance produce by a living organisms.

ANTITOXIN

antibody antagonistic to toxin, which is produced by an organism.

ETIOLOGY

study of causes

ETIOLOGY AGENT

agent that causes the disease.

DIRECT TRANSMISSION

The immediate transfer of an agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host by direct contact or droplet spread.

INDIRECT TRANSMISSION

The transmission of an agent carried from a reservoir to a susceptible host by suspended air particles or by animate (vector) or inanimate (vehicle) intermediaries.

RESERVOIRS

The habitat in which an infectious agent normally lives, grows and multiplies; reservoirs include human reservoirs, animals reservoirs, and environmental reservoir

PREPATHOGENESIS PHASE

phase before man is involved in acquiring the disease through interaction of the agent, the host, and the environment factors.

PATHOGENESIS PHASE

when the agent becomes established in the host.

TYPHOID FEVER

Salmonella typhi

PARATYPHOID FEVER

Salmonella typhi but milder

CHOLERA

Vibrio cholera

DYSENTERY

Bacillary or Amoebic dysentery

POLIOMYELITIS

Poliovirus

PLAGUE

disease of rats and wild rodents

BRUCELLOSIS

undulant fever

MALTA FEVER

undulant fever

BRUCELLOSIS

Bang’s disease in cattle, goats, and swine.

ANTHRAX

wool sorter’s disease‖,

LEPTOSPIROSIS

Weil’s disease or hemorrhagic jaundice

SALMONELLOSIS

is a bacterial infection that generally affects the intestinal tract and occasionally the bloodstream

TULAREMIA

usually contracted by man from rabbits, opossums, rodents, quail, and other game animals

ORNITHOSIS

parrot fever

FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE

viral infection caused by a strain of Coxsackie virus.

TRICHINOSIS

caused by the larva of a parasitic nematode infecting man and animal host

TRICHINOSIS

anyone who eats undercooked meat of infected animals can develop ___________

TAENIASIS

beef or pork-tapeworm infection, involves various animal hosts.

DIPHYLLOBOTHRIASIS

fish-tapeworm infection

ECHINOCOCCOSIS

dog-tapeworm infection

LEPROSY

Hansen’s disease, is caused by a bacillus, Mycobacterium leprae.

AMEBIASIS

Intestinal illness caused by a microscopic parasite called Entamoeba histolytic

AIDS

late stage of HIV disease

TRACHOMA

communicable disease of the eyes which may be transmitted by towels, handkerchiefs, or fingers.

BOTULISM

symptoms generally begin 12-36 hours after eating contaminated food

CHANCROID

* it is common in tropical countries but rare in other parts of the world.
* it is commonly seen in men than in women, particularly uncircumcised males.

CHICKENPOX

highly communicable disease caused by the varicella virus,

symptoms commonly appear 14-16 days (range of 10-21 days) after exposure to someone with chickenpox.

TETANUS

lockjaw

POLIOMYELITIS

the incubation period is usually 6-20 days for paralytic cases, with a range of 3-35 days

PSITTACOSIS

incubation period may range from 4-15 days but is usually 10 days.

PINWORM INFECTION

white, parasitic worms that can live in the large intestine of humans.

KAWASAKI SYNDROME

serious rash illness of children

most cases occur in infants and children under 5 years old.

IMPETIGO

common infection of the skin resulting in blisters

MEASLES

acute, highly contagious viral disease capable of producing epidemics.