UNIT 2: WORK AND MOTIVATION

Motivation

factors that influence the behavior of workers towards achieving business goals. Motivation can be increased by:

a. monetary rewards

b. non-monetary rewards

c. introducing ways to give job satisfaction.

Job satisfaction

The enjoyment a worker gets from feeling that they have done a good job.

Job rotation

swapping workers round and only doing a specific task for a limited time before swapping round again

Job enlargement

extra tasks are added to the job to make it more interesting

job enrichment

adding tasks that require more skill and/or responsibility

Theory X

The average person does not like work. Workers must be constantly supervised so they will work. Motivation is from external factors, e.g. pay schemes where the workers are paid more for increased output.

Theory Y

The average person is motivated by internal factors. To motivate workers, you need to find ways to help workers take an interest in their work, e.g. give rewards, incentives.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

A theory of motivation which states that five categories of human needs dictate an individual's behavior. Those needs are physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs.

Frederick Herzberg's motivation theory

Humans have two sets of needs: one is for the basic needs, which he called hygiene factors or needs, and the second is for a human being to be able to grow psychologically, which he called motivational needs or motivators.

Hygiene factors

The factors that must be present in the workplace to prevent job dissatisfaction.