Ceutics II Quiz 10

The lung has the ____ capillary density of all organs.

highest

3 multiple choice options

Select all components of the air-blood barrier.

a) smooth muscle cells

b) basement membrane

c) capillary endothelial cells

d) pneumocytes

b) basement membrane

c) capillary endothelial cells

d) pneumocytes

3 multiple choice options

The right side of the lungs is larger than the left side.

True/False

True

1 multiple choice option

Select all parts of the conducting zone of the lung.

a) bronchioles

b) terminal bronchioles

c) respiratory bronchioles

d) alveolar sacks

e) bronchi

f) trachea

g) alveolar ducts

a) bronchioles

b) terminal bronchioles

e) bronchi

f) trachea

3 multiple choice options

The surface area of the lung alveoli in a standard adult is about ____ .

70 m²

3 multiple choice options

Diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals are ideally ____-emitters..

gamma

2 multiple choice options

Select the type or radiation that is most often used in therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals.

beta

2 multiple choice options

Dynamic imaging procedures provide information about ___ .

a) the rate of accumulation of a radiopharmaceutical in a specific organ

b) the rate of removal of a radiopharmaceutical from a specific organ

c) blood flow

d) organ size, shape, and position

a) the rate of accumulation of a radiopharmaceutical in a specific organ

b) the rate of removal of a radiopharmaceutical from a specific organ

3 multiple choice options

Select all transport mechanisms that are involved in transport of radiopharmaceuticals in human body.

a) exocytosis

b) phagocytosis

c) ion exchange and transport

d) passive diffusion

b) phagocytosis

c) ion exchange and transport

d) passive diffusion

3 multiple choice options

Select all characteristics of strontium-89 chloride.

a) harmful to skeletal tissue

b) used for bone pain palliation in cancers

c) beta emitter

d) half-life 51 days

all of the above

Select all components that are responsible for viscosity of nasal mucus.

glycoproteins

3 multiple choice options

Select all advantages of nasal delivery.

a) noninvasive delivery

b) local delivery possible

c) avoidance of hepatic first-pass effect

d) a fast onset of systemic effect

e) potential for CNS delivery

f) availability of devices

a) noninvasive delivery

b) local delivery possible

c) avoidance of hepatic first-pass effect

d) a fast onset of systemic effect

e) potential for CNS delivery

3 multiple choice options

Nasal drops should be taken in the way that the nasal cavity is inversed (i.e. the forehead is pointing down).

True/False

True

1 multiple choice option

Select all parts of the transitional and respiratory zones of the lung.

a) alveolar ducts

b) trachea

c) terminal bronchioles

d) bronchi

e) bronchioles

f) alveolar sacks

g) respiratory bronchioles

a) alveolar ducts

f) alveolar sacks

g) respiratory bronchioles

3 multiple choice options

Select all characteristics of samarium-153.

a) beta emitter

b) used for bone pain palliation in cancers

c) excretion increased by ferric ion

d) half-life 46.3 hours

a) beta emitter

b) used for bone pain palliation in cancers

d) half-life 46.3 hours

3 multiple choice options

Static imaging procedures provide information about ___ .

a) blood flow

b) the rate of accumulation of a radiopharmaceutical in a specific organ

c) the rate of removal of a radiopharmaceutical from a specific organ

d) organ size, shape, and position

a) blood flow

d) organ size, shape, and position

3 multiple choice options

Select all characteristics of FDG-18, fluorodeoxyglucose.

a) used to map myocardial regions with high glucose metabolism

b) half-life 110 minutes

c) used in detecting cancerous tissue and its changes after treatment

d) used to map thyroid uptake

e) positron-emitter

f) used in mapping brain metabolic activity

g) used in tracing of glucose metabolism

a) used to map myocardial regions with high glucose metabolism

b) half-life 110 minutes

c) used in detecting cancerous tissue and its changes after treatment

e) positron-emitter

f) used in mapping brain metabolic activity

g) used in tracing of glucose metabolism

3 multiple choice options

Make an educated guess about the number of bilayers that drug molecules need to cross to get from the alveolar air into the bloodstream.

10

3 multiple choice options

Select all advantages of pulmonary delivery.

a) some absorption for macromolecules

b) local delivery possible

c) noninvasive delivery

d) availability of devices

e) a fast onset of systemic effect

a) some absorption for macromolecules

b) local delivery possible

c) noninvasive delivery

e) a fast onset of systemic effect

3 multiple choice options

How many bilayers must the drug molecules cross to get from the nasal cavity to the bloodstream?

10

3 multiple choice options

Select all drugs for which a nasal dosage form is available.

a) salmon calcitonin

b) butorphanol tartrate

c) terbinafine

d) clobetasol propionate

e) benzocaine

f) tolnaftate

g) cyanocobalamin

a) salmon calcitonin

b) butorphanol tartrate

g) cyanocobalamin

3 multiple choice options

Select all characteristics of indium-111.

a) gamma emitter

b) used to localize neuroendocrine tumors

c) frequently used to label monoclonal antibodies

d) used in therapeutic applications

a) gamma emitter

b) used to localize neuroendocrine tumors

c) frequently used to label monoclonal antibodies

3 multiple choice options

Select all routes that are used for administration of radiopharmaceuticals.

a) topical

b) oral

c) intravenous injection

d) inhalation

b) oral

c) intravenous injection

d) inhalation

3 multiple choice options

Monoclonal antibodies in complex with radionuclides are used in ___ . Select all relevant applications.

a) pain palliation in bone metastases

b) therapy of tumors

c) imaging of heart function

d) imaging of tumors

b) therapy of tumors

d) imaging of tumors

3 multiple choice options

Gravitational sedimentation in small airways and alveoli affects particles with the size ____ micrometers.

0.5 - 3

3 multiple choice options

Nasal absorption is faster than pulmonary absorption.

True/False

False

1 multiple choice option

The average size of the alveolus in a standard adult is about ____ micrometers.

200-300

3 multiple choice options

Select all characteristics of thallous-201 chloride.

a) actively transported into myocardium

b) half-life 73 hours

c) gamma emitter

d) used as radiolabel for various compounds because of flexible chemistry

a) actively transported into myocardium

b) half-life 73 hours

c) gamma emitter

3 multiple choice options

Select all characteristics of gallium-67.

a) gamma emitter

b) used in therapeutic treatment of Pneumocystic carinii infections in AIDS

c) localizes in tumors and focal sites of infection

d) half-life 78 hours

a) gamma emitter

c) localizes in tumors and focal sites of infection

d) half-life 78 hours

3 multiple choice options

The volume of nasal cavity in a standard adult is ____ mL.

20

3 multiple choice options

Select all clearance mechanisms for pulmonary delivered particles.

a) cough

b) alveolar macrophage action

c) mucociliary 'escalator'

d) sneeze

e) enzymatic degradation

a) cough

b) alveolar macrophage action

c) mucociliary 'escalator'

d) sneeze

3 multiple choice options

In the Weibel branching model of the lung, trachea is generation ____ .

0

3 multiple choice options

The surface area of nasal cavity is ____ cm².

200

3 multiple choice options

Mucociliary action moves mucus towards the throat.

True/False

True

1 multiple choice option

The decay constant ____ the rate constant.

depends in a nonlinear way on

3 multiple choice options

The decay constant depends on ___ . Select all applicable factors.

a) the type of radiation

b) the time of measurement

c) the duration of measurement

d) the rate constant

b) the time of measurement

d) the rate constant

3 multiple choice options

The particle ____ is the best characteristics of particle deposition in the regions of lungs.

aerodynamic diameter

3 multiple choice options

Inhalants require pressurized dosage forms.

True/False

False

1 multiple choice option

There are about ____ million alveoli in a standard adult.

300

3 multiple choice options

Select all characteristics of sodium iodide-131.

a) available as oral capsule or (volatile) solution

b) used for thyroid function tests

c) used in therapeutic treatment of carcinoma and ablation after surgery

d) beta- and gamma-emitter

all of the above

The decay constant ____ the time of measurement.

depends in a nonlinear way on

3 multiple choice options

The cilia of nasal epithelial cells make about ____ moves per second.

10

3 multiple choice options

The main mechanism of drug transport through the air-blood barrier is ____ .

passive trans-cellular transport through the bilayers

3 multiple choice options

Optimal deposition of aerosols in alveoli is achieved when a fast and deep inhalation to total lung capacity is followed by breath-holding before exhalation.

True/False

False

1 multiple choice option

The aerosol dose delivered to the lung consists of ____ phase(s).

2

3 multiple choice options

Currently there are about ____ radiopharmaceuticals in use.

100

3 multiple choice options

There are ____ branching points (Y-crossroads) between trachea and alveoli.

23

3 multiple choice options

The drug molecules need to cross ____ cell layers on the way from the alveolar air into the bloodstream.

2

3 multiple choice options

Brownian diffusion in small airways and alveoli affects particles with the size ____ micrometers.

less than 0.5

3 multiple choice options

Typical acidity of nasal mucus is characterized by pH = ____ .

5.5-6.5

3 multiple choice options

Select all components of nasal mucus.

a) glycolipids

b) enzymes

c) water

d) polysaccharides

e) ions

f) immunoglobulins

g) glycoproteins

b) enzymes

c) water

e) ions

f) immunoglobulins

g) glycoproteins

3 multiple choice options

Select all characteristics of technetium-99m.

a) gamma emitter

b) used as radiolabel for various compounds because of flexible chemistry

c) half-life 6 hours

d) used in therapeutic applications

a) gamma emitter

b) used as radiolabel for various compounds because of flexible chemistry

c) half-life 6 hours

3 multiple choice options

In the Weibel branching model of the lung, bronchi represent generation ____ .

1

3 multiple choice options

Capillaries cover about ____ of the alveolar surface.

70 %

3 multiple choice options

Nasal absorption (and actually trans-bilayer transport in general) are limited for molecules with the molecular weight larger than ____ Da.

1,000

3 multiple choice options

Select all inhalants.

a) benzocaine

b) salmon calcitonin

c) terbinafine

d) amyl nitrate

e) tolnaftate

f) propylhexedrine

g) clobetasol propionate

d) amyl nitrate

f) propylhexedrine

3 multiple choice options

In the Weibel branching model of the lung, alveoli represent generation ____ .

23

3 multiple choice options

Olfactory receptors are localized in the ____ part of nasal cavity.

upper

3 multiple choice options

About ____ of radiopharmaceuticals are used for diagnosis and the rest are therapeutics.

90 %

3 multiple choice options

Select all parts of the airway that is/are affected by impact of larger (> 5 micrometers) particles.

a) bronchi

b) larynx

c) mouth

d) pharynx

e) trachea

b) larynx

c) mouth

d) pharynx

3 multiple choice options

Select all radioisotopes producing positrons and used in Positron Emission Tomography.

a) technetium-99m

b) rubidium-82

c) xenon-133

d) oxygen-15

e) fluorine-18

f) nitrogen-13

b) rubidium-82

d) oxygen-15

e) fluorine-18

f) nitrogen-13

3 multiple choice options

The cilia of nasal epithelial cells are about ____ micrometers wide

0.1

3 multiple choice options

Select all clearance mechanisms for drugs after nasal delivery.

a) cough

b) sneeze

c) enzymatic degradation

d) alveolar macrophage action

e) mucociliary movement

b) sneeze

c) enzymatic degradation

e) mucociliary movement

3 multiple choice options

The cilia of nasal epithelial cells are about ____ micrometers long.

10

3 multiple choice options