#2 - ENEV 384 Engineering Material - Origins of Strength Flashcards

Vocabulary based flashcards covering the subatomic particles, orbital configurations, primary and secondary bonding mechanisms, and material classifications from the engineering lecture.

Protons

Positively charged subatomic particles, fundamental in determining the atomic number, affecting material properties in engineering.

Neutrons

Neutral subatomic particles that influence atomic mass without affecting charge; important in understanding material stability.

Electrons

Negatively charged subatomic particles vital for electrical conductivity in materials and their behavior in bonding.

Atomic Number

The number of protons defines element identity, crucial for selecting materials in engineering applications.

Atomic Mass

The total number of protons and neutrons, influencing material density and properties, important for structural calculations.

Bohr Model

Illustrates electron arrangement in atoms, aiding in understanding the bonding behavior of materials in engineering.

Shell

Orbital paths for electrons that determine the electronic structure, critical for predicting material behavior under stress.

Principal Quantum Number

Indicates electron shell, impacting chemical reactivity and material properties, essential for selecting engineering materials.

$$N_n = 2n^2$$

Formula for maximum electrons in a shell, important for understanding semiconductors and electronic materials.

Valence Electrons

Outer electrons involved in bonding, critical for understanding material strength and electrical properties in engineering.

Metallic Bond

Bonding with shared electrons critical for properties like electrical and thermal conductivity in metals used in engineering.

Ionic Bond

Bond formed by electron transfer leading to charged ions; significant in ceramics and composite materials in engineering.

Covalent Bond

Mutual sharing of electrons, crucial for organic molecules and polymers used in material engineering.

Equilibrium Spacing

Distance where attractive and repulsive forces balance, important for understanding material strength and failure modes.

Bonding Energy

The energy required to separate atoms indicates material durability, critical for engineering applications.

Brittleness

Characteristic of materials like ceramics; understanding brittleness is essential for material selection in engineering.

Cation

A positively charged ion formed when atoms lose electrons; essential in understanding ionic compounds in engineering materials.

Anion

A negatively charged ion formed when atoms gain electrons; relevant in material properties and electrochemistry.

Crystalline

Ordered atomic structure found in metals; critical for understanding mechanical properties and material behavior.

Amorphous

Non-ordered atomic arrangement affecting the optical and thermal properties of materials, important in engineering applications.

Bond Energy (Definition)

Heat required to dissociate a mole of molecules; important for assessing material stability under thermal conditions.

Covalent Bond Energy

Energy range of covalent bonds; relevant for designing durable materials in engineering.

Metallic Bond Energy

Energy required to disrupt metallic bonds, critical for assessing metal properties in engineering applications.

Ionic Bond Energy

Energy associated with ionic bonds, influencing the stability of compounds in engineering materials.

Hydrogen Bond Energy

Energy related to secondary bonding; relevant for understanding polymer and biological materials in engineering.

van der Waal's Bond Energy

Energy from weak intermolecular forces; important for material behavior, especially in composites.

Dipole Bond

Weak bonding due to charge imbalance; important for understanding interactions in soft materials.

Metals (Classification)

Materials with metallic bonds, integral to engineering applications due to their electrical and mechanical properties.

Inorganic Solids

Materials like ceramics with defined bonding characteristics used in structural applications.

Organic Solids

Long-chain covalent molecules critical for polymers; important in developing advanced engineering materials.