Module 5 - Types of Plant Cells

What cells can divide indefinitely to produce new cells?

Meristematic cells

Which cells are unspecialized?

Meristematic cells

Which process of cell division do meristematic cells have?

mitosis

The daughter cell that remains in the meristem

initial

The daughter cell pushed out of the meristem

derivative

What can derivative cells do after leaving the meristem? (2 options)

either divides again or begins differentiation

What type of meristematic cell is located at the root and shoot tips?

Apical Meristem

What type of meristematic cell is located at the side of the stem and root of a plant

Lateral Meristem

What type of meristematic cell is located at the internodes??

Intercalary Meristem

It causes the primary growth of the plant

Apical Meristem

What kind of growth is primary growth?

lengthening of the plant

Where does lateral growth occur?

at the cambium

What causes the secondary growth of plants

Lateral Meristem

What type of growth is secondary growth?

widening of plants

What causes the length growth of a plant in the middle position

Intercalary Meristem

What are the 3 types of differentiated plant cells?

- parenchyma

- collenchyma

- sclerenchyma

Plant cells have varying degrees of _____, as some are more specialized than others

differentiation

The most basic or common cells in the plant are ____. Most living plant cells exist as this.

Parenchyma

What kind of cell wall does a parenchyma have>

Thin primary cell wall

The feature of the cell wall allows parenchyma to grow into various shapes

thin primary cell wall

What types of shapes do parenchyma cells have?

usually spherical, cuboidal, or elongated

Function of parenchyma (3)

- primarily for storage of food and water

- fill space or provide structure to parts of the plant that must be frequently replaced

- divide to develop into more specialized cells

Primary function of parenchyma

Storage of food and water in roots, stems, leaves, seeds, and fruits

What type of simple cell provides mechanical rigidity and tensile strength in young and growing organs in plants

Collenchyma

Main function of collenchyma

Provide flexible support

What cell wall do collenchymas have?

primary cell wall (they usually lack secondary CW)

In which parts of plants do collenchyma cells usually provide mechanical rigidity and tensile strength?

young and growing organs in plants

Collenchyma cells have their primary cell walls thickened by additional ____

cellulose

Types of shapes of collenchyma cells

lamellar, angular, lacunar

____ and ____ cells make up the bulk of plant tissues

collenchyma and parenchyma

The only type of cell with secondary cell walls

Sclerenchyma

Sclerenchyma cells have their secondary cell walls hardened with ____

lignin

Why are sclerenchyma cells more expensive to make?

because of the additional cellulose required to build the secondary wall (polysaccharide = more glucose units used)

Main function of sclerenchyma

Provide structural strength in regions that have stopped growing and no longer need to be flexible

In which parts of plants do sclerenchyma cells usually provide mechanical rigidity and tensile strength?

Mature parts of the plant

Scelerenchyma cells are typically ___ at maturity

dead

Once sclerenchyma cells form thick walls, the inside of the cell dies, and what remains?

The cell wall remains and continues to serve a structural role

Why are sclerenchyma cells dead at maturity?

They develop thick, heavily lignified secondary cell walls that make them impermeable to water and nutrients. This causes the protoplasm (living content) to die.

Where are sclerenchyma cells usually found in?

non-growing regions of plant bodies like bark or mature stems

What is the inner cavity of a cell when protoplasm dies in a sclerenchymal cell?

lumen

Form where the secondary wall was not deposited, exposing the primary wall

pits