med term unit 1 review

What is medical terminology?

The process of breaking medical words into component parts.

What are the two language origins of medical word parts?

Greek and Latin.

What is a root word in medical terminology?

The foundation of the medical word, usually a body part.

What does the prefix 'hypo-' mean?

Below.

What does the suffix '-itis' indicate?

Inflammation.

What is the combining form for blood?

hemat/o.

What is the combining form for heart?

cardi/o.

What is the function of a combining vowel?

To link a root word to a suffix or another root word.

When should a combining vowel be used?

When the next word part begins with a consonant.

What is the difference between 'incision' and 'excision'?

Incision refers to cutting into the body, while excision refers to removing something.

What does the suffix '-megaly' mean?

Enlargement.

What is the fundamental unit of all living things?

Cell.

What are the four types of tissue?

Epithelial, Muscle, Connective, and Nerve Tissue.

What is the combining form for stomach?

gastr/o.

What is the combining form for lung?

pulmon/o.

What is metabolism?

The process of breaking down materials into smaller components.

What does the prefix 'pre-' mean?

Before.

What does the suffix '-logy' mean?

Study of.

What is the anatomical position?

A standard position of the body used as a reference point.

What are the nine abdominopelvic regions?

Right hypochondriac, Epigastric, Left hypochondriac, Right lumbar, Umbilical, Left lumbar, Right iliac, Hypogastric, Left iliac.

What is the combining form for kidney?

nephr/o.

What does the suffix '-algia' mean?

Pain.

What is the combining form for bladder?

cyst/o.

What does the prefix 'bi-' mean?

Two.

What is the combining form for ear?

ot/o.

What does the suffix '-cyte' mean?

Cell.

What is the combining form for eye?

ophthalm/o.

Which organs are located in the Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)?

Liver, gallbladder, part of pancreas, part of small and large intestine.

Which organs are located in the Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)?

Stomach, spleen, part of pancreas, part of small and large intestine.

Which organs are located in the Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)?

Part of small and large intestine, right ovary, right fallopian tube, right ureter, appendix.

Which organs are located in the Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)?

Part of small and large intestine, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter.

What are the five regions of the spinal column?

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal.

How many vertebrae are in the cervical region?

7 vertebrae.

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic region?

12 vertebrae.

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar region?

5 vertebrae.

What is the definition of 'anterior'?

Front of the body.

What is the definition of 'posterior'?

Back of the body.

What does 'superficial' mean?

Near the surface.

What does 'deep' mean?

Away from the surface.

What does 'proximal' mean?

Near the point of attachment.

What does 'distal' mean?

Far from the point of attachment.

What does 'inferior' mean?

Below another structure.

What does 'superior' mean?

Above another structure.

What does 'medial' mean?

Toward the midline of the body.

What does 'lateral' mean?

Away from the midline of the body.

What is the order of the digestive system starting from the mouth?

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), large intestine (cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon), rectum, anus.

What is the definition of 'frontal (coronal) plane'?

Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections.

What is the definition of 'sagittal (lateral) plane'?

Divides the body into left and right sections.

What is the definition of 'transverse (cross-sectional) plane'?

Divides the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) sections.

What is the relationship of the phalanges to the carpals?

The phalanges are distal to the carpals.

What is the relationship of the big toe to the little toe?

The big toe is medial to the little toe.

What is the relationship of the elbow to the wrist?

The elbow is proximal to the wrist.

What is the relationship of the humerus to the radius?

The humerus is proximal to the radius.

What is the relationship of the stomach to the esophagus?

The stomach is distal to the esophagus.

What is the relationship of the head to the feet?

The head is superior to the feet.

What is the relationship of the left lung to the heart?

The left lung is lateral to the heart.

-algia

Pain (e.g., arthralgia = pain in the joint)

-emia

Blood condition (e.g., leukemia = condition of the white blood cells)

-itis

Inflammation (e.g., gastritis = stomach inflammation)

-lith

Stone (e.g., nephrolithiasis = kidney stones)

-lysis

Breakdown (e.g., hemolysis = breakdown of red blood cells)

-megaly

Enlargement (e.g., hepatomegaly = enlargement of the liver)

-malacia

Softening (e.g., osteomalacia = softening of bones)

-plegia

Paralysis (e.g., paraplegia = paralysis in the lower body)

-rrhage

Burst, blood loss (e.g., hemorrhage = excessive bleeding)

-rrhea

Flow (e.g., diarrhea = liquid stool)

-trophy

Development (e.g., atrophy = muscle wasting away)

-oma

Tumor (e.g., osteoma = bone tumor)

-pathy

Disease (e.g., neuropathy = nerve disease)

-cele

Hernia (e.g., cystocele = hernia of the bladder)

-coccus

Berry-shaped bacteria (e.g., streptococcus = bacteria causing disease)

-genesis

Formation, development (e.g., pathogenesis = development of a disease)

-genic

Produced by, causing (e.g., carcinogenic = causing cancer)

-phobia

Fear (e.g., arachnophobia = fear of spiders)

-ptosis

Drooping (e.g., blepharoptosis = drooping eyelid)

-sclerosis

Hardening (e.g., arteriosclerosis = hardening of arteries)

-stasis

Controlling, slowing (e.g., venostasis = slowing of blood flow)

-therapy

Treatment (e.g., chemotherapy = cancer treatment)

-ectomy

Removal (e.g., splenectomy = removal of the spleen)

-stomy

New opening (e.g., colostomy = cutting an opening in the colon)

-tomy

Incision (e.g., thoracotomy = incision of the chest wall)

-plasty

Surgical repair (e.g., rhinoplasty = surgical repair of the nose)

-centesis

Puncture to remove fluid (e.g., amniocentesis = extraction of amniotic fluid)

-gram

Record (e.g., electroencephalogram = record of brain waves)

-graph

Instrument for recording (e.g., electroencephalograph = device for recording brain activity)

-scope

Examining instrument (e.g., otoscope = instrument for ear examination)

-opsy

View of tissue (e.g., biopsy = removal of tissue for examination)

primi-

First (e.g., primipara = individual bearing a first offspring)

mono-

One (e.g., monocyte = one type of white blood cell)

bi-

Two (e.g., bilateral = pertaining to both sides)

tri-

Three (e.g., tricyclic = three fused rings)

multi-

Many (e.g., multipara = a woman with multiple children)

poly-

Many (e.g., polyuria = excessive urine production)

ab-

Away from (e.g., abduction = movement away from the body)

ad-

Towards (e.g., adduction = movement towards the body)

hyper-

Above, excessive (e.g., hypertension = high blood pressure)

hypo-

Below, deficient (e.g., hypotension = low blood pressure)

brady-

Slow (e.g., bradycardia = slow heart rate)

tachy-

Fast (e.g., tachycardia = fast heart rate)

mega-

Large (e.g., macrocephalic = enlarged head)