Lemon Tree Review

Jerusalem

Capital of Israel, significant for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Dreyfus Affair

French scandal involving false treason accusations.

Pogroms

Violent attacks on Jews, often with official encouragement.

Anti-Semitism

Prejudice against Jews.

Zionism

Jewish nationalist movement.

Theodor Herzl

Founder of modern Zionism.

Chaim Weizmann

First President of Israel.

Palestine

Region in the Middle East.

Sharif Hussein

Arab leader during WWI.

Ottoman Declaration of Jihad

Ottoman Empire's call for holy war in WWI.

Hussein-McMahon Correspondence

Letters discussing Arab independence in WWI.

T.E

British military officer in WWI.

Sykes-Picot Agreement

Secret 1916 division of Ottoman territories.

Balfour Declaration

British support for Jewish homeland in Palestine.

Faisal-Weizmann Agreement

1919 pact supporting Arab-Jewish cooperation.

Paris Peace Conference

1919 meeting to negotiate post-WWI treaties.

Mandates system

League of Nations system for governing former territories.

Haganah

Jewish paramilitary group in British Mandate Palestine.

“aliyah bet”

Illegal Jewish refugee immigration to Palestine.

Great Arab Rebellion

Arab uprising against British rule in Palestine 1936-1939.

Peel Commission

1937 British Royal Commission on Palestine.

1939 White Paper

British policy limiting Jewish immigration to Palestine.

Law for the Defense of the Nation

1933 Bulgarian law restricting Jewish rights.

Dimitur Peshev

Bulgarian politician opposing Jewish deportation.

Displaced-persons (DP) camps

Camps for WWII refugees post-war.

United Nations (UN)

International organization founded in 1945.

King David Hotel bombing

1946 bombing by Jewish group Irgun.

The Exodus

Departure of Jewish immigrants from Europe to Palestine.

Partition

Division of a territory into separate political entities.

Arab-Israeli War

Series of conflicts between Arab states and Israel.

The Green Line

Armistice line after the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.

Refugees

Individuals forced to flee due to conflict or persecution.

Resolution 194

UN resolution on Palestinian refugees' right of return.

UNRWA

United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees.

Gamal Abdel Nasser

Egyptian president and Arab nationalist figure.

Pan-Arabism

Ideology promoting unity among Arab countries.