Duke of York

what happened in 1443?

- York, left without funding at Dieppe Normandy failed in 1443 

what was he appointed to in 1447 and how di dit help him?

-York appointed lieutenancy of Ireland (a demotion apparently) but didn't leave for 2 years.

-York didn't go to Ireland till 1449, so he escaped the loss of Normandy and blamed it on Somerset

. - he was created to be a Saviour, helping him in the long run 

what happened in sept 1450?

York lands in Wales, not directly in London. He marches toward London with ~3,000 men without permission from the king, implicitly linking him with cades rebellion- coul dusggest he wanted the throne 

what happens in late 1450?

-York reaches London Receives a cold reception from Henry VI, who is influenced by Somerset.

-York: Publicly denies involvement with Cade’s rebels. Calls for action against “evil councillors” (especially Somerset). 

what did he do that went against the king in 1451?

–York refuses to join the kings council at coventry which was a public sub and humiliation for the kinghat did he do inw

where did he move his power base?

Ludlow (Welsh Marches) From Ludlow, York: Raises troops. Sends propaganda letters. tries to gain supprt from allies but ultimately fails

who doesn’t rise up in support of him in 1452?

York marches from Ludlow → toward London expecting support. He hopes: Kent (Cade’s old support base) will rise it doesn’t +London will support him, but they shut their gates. 

what happens in march 1452?

-Confrontation at Dartford

- York wanted to rid henry of somerset as an evil advisor.

York failed because: nobles were unwilling to help, henry was doing well, letters forewarned king through letters so henry raised a large army 

how did henrys incompetence in the Percy- neville feud help him?

• 24^th Aug 1453- party of nevilles attacked on return from wedding by 700 Percy followers- King should have stepped in but was incapacitated. Nevilles turned to the DoY –gave him the noble support he had been lacking in 1452 coup. Nobility now split between support for York/Somerset

why was York appointed protector in march 1454?

john kemp died and parliament count not continue without him.

- he was the closest blood relative 

what are his actions in the first protectorate regarding the nobility- : 27^th March 1454-feb 1455

• no favouritism- ( eg in Devon he didn't remove Bonville and earl of Wiltshire from power. annoyed william Courtenay earl of devon (dartford coup with york) who wanted to replaced Bonville.- led Devon to fight against york in Battle of st Albans. 

• rewarded his supporters (devon was aquitted for 1452 coup + York's biggest supporter earl of salisbury appointed chancellor +Nevilles favored in disputes w percys) 

• York appointed himself captain of Calais instead of Somerset- undermining his position (had his own interests in mind) 

• Kept somerset imprisoned (partisan justice being administer) 

what reforms did he introduce?

• cut kings household expenditure in 1454 to £5000 instead of the £24000 it had been in 1450 

• Increased custom duties by : York persuaded wool merchants to resume making loans to gov on promise of repayment. 

• -Reformed the navy to prevent attacks on merchant shipping in the Channel. 

what happened in may 1454?

-Exeter angry not being protector joined with Percys in north and began attack on Neville property and took control of York city for 5 days. 

- Duke of york acted with vigour, gathering an army and heading north- Exeter fled to Westminster abbey. 

what were the consequences of his first protectorate?

• York now had the support of the Nevilles eg Salisbury and Warwick who he didn't have at dartford coup in 1452 

what did Henry call in April 1455 and how did the Yorkists react?

Henrys calls parliament at Leister. Yorkists fear they walking into a trap (York to be charges with treason) which could be why York resorted to violence.

what does he lead in may 1455?

• Leads forces at 1^st Battle of St albans- leads to death of somerset/ henry shot in neck with an arrow-major yorkistvictory 

who does he become post 1st battle of St Albans?

.Duke of york becomes kings chief advisor not somerset+ protector a 2^nd time in Nov 1455 

what were the main reforms made in his second portectorate?nov 1455- feb1456 

-promised reforms- limitting queens spending to 10,000 marks a year

- declaring Do Gloucester a good man to increase popularity 

what did York do in regard to Margarets threat of indictment in may 1459?

York made plans of his own at Ludlow.- called Yorkists to ludlow

what happened on the way to ludlow?

Blore heath may1459

-On warwick and salisbury’s way to ludlow; salisbury was intercepted by audley who salisbury defeated. 

what did York do in 1460 after Northampton

in a parliament which severely favored york after victory at northhampton +king being captured, parliament issued act of accord which proclaimed york to be henry’s heir-disinheriting son of henry and margaret 

what happened at Wakefield?

york struck down in battle