Fundamentals of Thinking and Reading Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering critical thinking, Bloom's taxonomy, reading skills, graphic organizers, and logical fallacies based on the lecture transcript.

Critical Thinking

Involves a series of complex thought processes which allows you to make reasoned judgements, assess the way you think, and solve problems effectively.

Non-critical thinking

Happens when you simply accept the things you are told without examining them, construct thoughts based purely on emotions, or jump to conclusions without proof.

Remembering

The thinking skill of recalling facts, such as listing the planets.

Understanding

The thinking skill of explaining ideas, such as summarizing a chapter.

Applying

The thinking skill of using knowledge, such as solving a word problem.

Analyzing

The thinking skill of breaking down ideas, such as comparing characters.

Evaluating

The thinking skill of judging with reasons, such as evaluating an article.

Creating

The thinking skill of producing new ideas, such as designing a project.

Rapid Reading

Aims to locate specific information or ideas in a very short period of time.

Skimming

A type of rapid reading focused on getting the main idea.

Scanning

A type of rapid reading used to find specific information.

Previewing

A reading skill that focuses on information the reader finds relevant, such as browsing the Table of Contents, Introduction, and summary.

Literal Reading

Involves the understanding of ideas and facts that are directly stated in the material.

Summarizing

A technique involving adding notes, highlighting major ideas, and connecting the main ideas of every paragraph.

Paraphrasing

Restating ideas from the original text to simplify complex ideas.

Inferential Reading

Deducting facts and ideas not directly expressed in the text, also known as 'reading between the lines'.

Critical Reading

The evaluation of details and the distinction of ideas.

Genre

A classification of text based on external criteria.

Text Type

A classification of text based on linguistic patterns.

Venn Diagram

A graphic organizer used to compare and contrast.

Network Tree

A graphic organizer used to show hierarchical relationships.

Spider Map

A graphic organizer that places the central idea in the middle.

Timeline

A graphic organizer that lists events in chronological order.

Fishbone Map

A graphic organizer used to represent multiple causes.

Persuasion Map

A graphic organizer used to map out arguments.

Claim of Fact

A type of claim that is quantifiable, such as: 'Social media use has increased teenage anxiety by $30\%$.'

Claim of Value

A type of claim asserting whether something is good or bad, such as: 'Social media does more harm than good.'

Claim of Policy

A type of claim regarding implementation, such as: 'Schools should limit students’ use of social media.'

False Dilemma

A logical fallacy presenting only two possibilities, such as: 'You can either go to college or end up with a low-paying job.'

Appeal to Ignorance

A logical fallacy suggesting something is true simply because it has not been proven false.