French rev fab 5

LXVI financial ministers 1774-88 ×5

Turgot, Necker, Fleury, Calonne, Brienne

3 examples of unfair taxes of ancien regime

taille

gabelle

octroi

3rd estate are ____% of population and still get poor representation even in EG

95%

Total cost of French involvement in American Revolution _____ lives

state debt _____ lives by end of war

1.3b livres

295m livres

Poor harvest of ____ leads to rising bread prices which are ____% of average income in Paris - leads to unrest

1788, 88%

Two enlightenment thinkers and example of one work by both + year

Voltaire “philosophical letters” 1733

Rousseau “the social contract” 1762

influence of enlightenment on 2nd estate:

_____ challenges LXVI lit de justice in Paris Parlement and also leads ____ nobles to join third estate in NA in _____

Duc d’Orleans, 47, June 1789

Abbe Sieyes Pamphlet called _____ - enlightenment influence on third estate also seen in _____

“what is the third estate”, cahiers de dolerance

LXVI exiled Paris Parelement to ____ in ____

when recalled he attempted a failed _____

= anger at ABSOLUTIST ACTIONS

Troyes, 1787

lit de justice

LXVI vague proclamation deciding neither for vote by estate or by head in ____

Dec 1788

Estates General meet

May 1789

declaration of National Assembly by the third estate

commitment confirmed by what oath a few days later?

17th June 1789

Tennis Court Oath

LXVI FINALLY outlines reforms in _____ ______ of _______ - 3rd estate already too frustrated to agree

Seance Royale June 1689

Popular uprising in Paris July 1789 - ______ Parisians under arms

250,000

trigger for popular uprising in Paris and date

LXVI dismisses Necker July 1689

storming of the Bastille

14 July 1789

LXVI accepts Nominated Assembly authority in Paris

July 1789

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen drawn up ____

drafted by ______

aug 1789

lafayette

the “______ days”

LXVI forced to approve august decrees and divine right ended

October (1789)

Voting decree of _____ - franchise defined - ____% of adult men could vote in some form

Dec 89, 61%

seizure of church lands

nov 89

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

BUT only ____% of clergy took oath of loyalty

July 1790

55%

Toleration - full civil rights given to:

protestants in ____

jews in ____

Dec 89

sep 91

old taxes abolished (but then restored until 1791)

free trade established

summer 89

aug 89

poverty not addressed - ____ only able to survive by begging

2m

Flight to Varennes

June 1791

Legislative Assembly declares war on Austria

April 1792

LXVI vetoes LA emergency measures

June 1792

fédérés created (includes SCs) and SCs allowed to join NG

July 1792

Brunswick Manifesto (exact day)

1 Aug 1792

Paris commune seized by radicals (exact day)

9 aug 1792

storming of the Tuileries journée on ____ by crowd of _____

LXVI and MA imprisoned in ______ and LA forced to turn itself into National Convention

10 aug 1792, 30,000

Temple

By feb 93 at war with:

x6

Britain
Austria
Prussia
United Provinces
Spain
Piedmont

One key defeat of France vs Austrians

Battle of Neerwinden

Which Girodin general defected?

Dumoriez

levee imposed

feb 1793

vendee uprising begins

march 1793

Machinery of terror:

revolutionary tribunal set up

CPS set up

march 1793

April 1793

Journée resulting in imposition of maximum on grain and bread prices

1 May 1793

what had the Girondins called the SCs to anger them?

buveurs de sang

MR calls on SCs to rise up vs Girondins on ____ 1693

26 May

Purge of the Girondins after journee of ____

_______ SCs surround NC

2 June 1793

80,000

Journee _______ - leads to Jacobins declaring “terror is the order of the day”

4-5 Sep 1793

Law of suspects _____

overall ______ arrested

sep 1793

500,000

revolutionary armies established


______ SCs involved in total

sep 1793

30,000

general maximum introduced

29 sep

CPS power up - control reps on mission from ____

July 1793

Radicals led by Robespierre suspend new constitution to legalise terror

October 1793

Show trials - Marie Antoinette and Girondins ____

Phillpe Egalité ____

Oct 93

Nov 93

Law of Frimaire

Dec 1793

Vendee and federalists defeated in same month

Dec 1793

Repression in Vendee early 1794:

overall deaths _____

_____ drowned on barges in Loire near Nantes by Carrier

one other radical Jacobin leader?

250,000

1,800

general Turreau

St Just’s Laws of Ventose concocted to try and win over SCs vs Hebertists _____ (but not applied after)

feb-march 1794

Purges - Hebertists and Indulgents

March-April 1794

law of 22 prarial

10 June 1794

Great Terror

Paris tribunal execute ______ in 6 weeks

June-July 1794

1594

Changes to religious terror: What religion created by Robespierre in June 1794?

Cult of the Supreme Being

Full defeat of external enemies - victory at what battle in _____?

Battle of Fleurus June 1794

coup of Thermidor

27-28 July 1794

2 politicians key in leading coup of Thermidor:

Collot d’Herbois and Carnot

Constitution of Year III

passed _____

amendment process takes _____ to ratify

Aug 1795

9 years

Inflation after end of general maximum - value of assignees falls to ____ of 1790 value in 1795

freezing winter ___-____ leading to famine

4%

94-95

collapse of paper money:

assigns abolished ____

successor mandates abolished _____

only metal money left leading to ____

feb 96

feb 97

deflation

financial minister ____ attempts tax reform 1797-98:

reintroduce old indirect taxes such as ____

__ new direct taxes

fail short term

Ramel

octroi

4

financial minister _____ attempts to impose forced loan in ______

only ____ out of _____ livres raised

Lindet, June 99

10m out of 100m

tributaires: example of one sister republic _______

only around _____ of Naopleon’s promised _____ francs worth of plunder actually reaches Paris

defeats start ______ at hands of 2nd Coalition in ____ and _____

Cisalpine republic

1/4, 200m

1798-99, Egypt, Italy

armed rebellion in West in Brittany (called the ____ uprising) and the Vendee begins in _____

defeated by general _____ in _____ with new army of ______

then martial law imposed

Chouans, summer 94

Hoche, mid-1796, 140,000

Germinal and Prairial

Apr-May 1795

Vendemiaire uprising

______ march on NC

Oct 1795

25,000

Babeuf Plot ends with

Babeuf arrested _____ after plotting “___ __ ______”

what was shut down leaving Directory more vulnerable to army?

May 1796

conspiracy of equals

Police Legion

Royalist success in elections of _____ means ____ out of 750 in councils are royalist

OVERTURNED in ________ in ______ using General Augereau’s troops

Apr 97, 330

Coup of Fructidor, Sep 97

Perceived threat from Neo-Jacobins after success in elections of ____

OVERTURNED in _____ in _____

how many deputies removed?

Apr 98

Coup of floreal, May 98

127

uprisings in response to conscription introduced by _____ in ______, extended to ______ in ______

2 examples

Jourdan’s Law, Sep 98

Levee en masse, June 99

Belgium, New Chouans

Councils purge ___ Directors in _____

Sieyes sides with Directors

3, June 99

Directory overthrown in __________ in ________

by Sieyes and Napoleon, along with Lucien Bonaparte

afterwards Napoleon establishes ________

Coup of Brumaire, Nov 99

Consulship

Sieyes persuaded councils to move to _______

How many directors backed Sieyes in coup?

names of them?

Saint Cloud

another 2 directors

Barras and Ducos

War:

Napoleon’s Italian campaign in ______

Ends with Peace of Campo Formio negotiated by NB himself on terms of Armistice at Leoben and signed by Directory ________

1796-97

Oct 97