1-6 vocab test

Agricultural Density:

Number of farmers per unit of arable land.

Asylum Seeker:

A person who has moved to another country hoping to be recognized as a legal refugee.

Chain Migration:

Migration to a specific place because relatives or members of the same nationality are already there.

Circular Migration:

Temporary, repetitive movement of a migrant between home and a host area for work.

Crude Birth Rate :

Total live births per 1,000 people in a year.

Dependency Ratio:

The number of people too young or too old to work compared to the number of productive workers.

Forced Migration:

Being compelled to move by cultural, political, or environmental factors

Guest Worker:

A legal immigrant who has a work permit for a short-term job.

Internally Displaced Person:

Someone forced to flee their home but remains within their own country's borders.

Physiological Density:

Number of people per unit of arable land.

Pull Factor:

A positive reason that draws people to move to a new location.

Push Factor:

A negative reason that makes people want to leave their current location.

Refugee:

Someone forced to migrate across international borders to escape war, violence, or persecution.

Remittance:

Money sent back home by a migrant worker to their family in another country.

Total Fertility Rate :

The average number of children a woman will have during her childbearing years.

Autonomous Religion:

A religion that is self-sufficient and lacks a formal central authority.

Custom:

A repetitive act performed by a group so often it becomes a characteristic.

Ethnic Religion:

A religion tied to a specific ethnic group or location (e.g., Hinduism).

Ethnicity:

Identity with a group sharing cultural traditions of a specific homeland.

Expansion Diffusion:

The spread of an idea or feature through a population in an additive way.

Habit:

A repetitive act performed by a specific individual.

Hierarchical Diffusion:

The spread of an idea from a person or node of authority down to others.

Hierarchical Religion:

A religion with a well-defined geographic structure and central authority.

Language Branch:

A collection of languages related through a common ancestor from several thousand years ago.

Language Family:

The oldest/broadest collection of related languages (prehistoric ancestor).

Language Group:

A collection of languages within a branch that share a recent common origin and similar grammar.

Nationality:

Identity with a group of people who share legal attachment to a particular country.

Race:

Identity with a group perceived to share biological or physiological traits.

Universalizing Religion:

A religion that attempts to appeal to all people globally, regardless of location.

Autocracy:

A country run according to the interests of the ruler, not the people.

Elongated State:

A state with a long, narrow shape (e.g., Chile).

Ethnic Cleansing:

The forced removal of an ethnic or religious group from a territory by a more powerful one.

Federal State:

A government system where power is shared between a central government and local/regional governments.

Gerrymandering:

Redrawing voting district boundaries to give one political party an unfair advantage.

Perforated State:

A state that completely surrounds another state (EX.South Africa).

Prorupted State:

A compact state with a large, thin projecting extension.

State:

A politically organized territory with a permanent population and government

Agriculture:

The deliberate effort to grow crops and raise livestock for food or profit.

Commercial Agriculture:

Farming primarily for sale and profit off the farm.

Desertification:

The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically due to drought or over-farming.

Food Desert:

An area with limited access to affordable, nutritious, fresh food.

Green Revolution:

The 20th-century invention and rapid spread of high-yield seeds and chemical fertilizers.

Plantation:

A large farm in a developing country that grows "cash crops" for sale to developed countries.

Subsistence Agriculture:

Farming primarily to provide food for the farmer’s own family.

Census Tract:

A small neighborhood-sized area used by the government to track population data.

Central Place Theory:

Explains how services are distributed based on the distance people are willing to travel.

Concentric Zone Model:

A model of a city showing social groups arranged in a series of rings.

Edge City:

A large node of office and retail space located on the outskirts of an urban area.

Gentrification:

Converting a low-income urban neighborhood into a middle-class, owner-occupied area.

Megacity:

An urban settlement with a population of more than 10 million people.

Multiple Nuclei Model:

A city model where social groups are arranged around various nodes of activity.

Primate City:

A city that is more than twice as large as the next biggest city in the country.

Rank-Size Rule:

A pattern where the nth largest city is 1/n the size of the largest city.

Sector Model:

A city model where social groups are arranged in wedges radiating from the center.

Sprawl:

The rapid, low-density outward growth of a city into the surrounding countryside.

Underclass:

A group in society trapped in a cycle of poverty and denied economic opportunities.

Urban Area:

A central city and its surrounding built-up suburbs.

Urbanization:

An increase in the percentage of people living in cities.

Concentration:

The spread of a feature over a specific area (clustered vs. dispersed).

Developed Country:

A country far along the continuum of economic and human development.

Pattern:

The geometric arrangement of objects in space.

Scale:

The relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole.

Service:

Any activity that fulfills a human want/need in exchange for money.

Situation:

The location of a place relative to other places.

Tertiary Sector:

The part of the economy providing services (transportation, retail).

Vernacular Region:

A region that exists because of people's cultural identity or perception.