NJ EMT

What are the main components of the respiratory system?

The main components are the airways (nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles), lungs, and muscles of respiration (diaphragm and intercostal muscles).

What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

The primary function is to transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.

What anatomical structures make up the musculoskeletal system?

The musculoskeletal system is made up of bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and connective tissues.

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

What are the glands included in the endocrine system?

The endocrine system includes glands such as the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, and gonads.

What is a sign of inadequate breathing?

Cyanosis, which is a bluish discoloration of the skin, lips, or nail beds.

Why is a focused history and physical exam important?

It helps identify life-threatening conditions quickly and tailor assessments to the patient's immediate needs.

What type of medication may EMT-Basics assist a patient with administering for chest pain?

EMT-Basics may assist with nitroglycerin tablets or sprays.

What is the purpose of administering medications in the prehospital setting?

To provide immediate relief of symptoms and stabilize the patient's condition before reaching the hospital.

What are the structures of the respiratory system?

The structures include the upper airway (nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx) and the lower airway (trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli).

What interventions are critical for EMT-Basics in respiratory emergencies?

Ensuring airway patency, providing adequate ventilation, and administering oxygen therapy.

What indicates adequate air exchange in a patient?

Normal respiratory rate, clear and equal breath sounds bilaterally, and alert mental status.

What is the action of albuterol?

Albuterol relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, leading to bronchodilation.

What is a critical function of the cardiovascular system?

It circulates blood to deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues and remove waste products.

What is one indication for the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED)?

An unresponsive patient with an absence of normal breathing and a palpable pulse.

What are the components of post-resuscitation care?

Continuous monitoring of vital signs and preparation for transport to a medical facility.

What are the reasons for assuring the patient is pulseless and apneic before using an AED?

To avoid unnecessary shocks and ensure the AED is used appropriately.

What is the significance of continued practice with the AED?

It ensures skill retention and confidence in operating the device during emergencies.

What are the indications for administering nitroglycerin?

Chest pain suspected to be of cardiac origin and patient has a prescription.

What are the side effects of nitroglycerin?

Headache, dizziness, hypotension, and flushing of the skin.

What is a significant concern while providing care in suspected child abuse cases?

Mandatory reporting to appropriate authorities and maintaining confidentiality.

What is the rationale for understanding developmental considerations in pediatrics?

Children have unique anatomical and physiological differences that require specialized management.

What should be monitored in infants and children to assess perfusion?

Mental status, skin color, capillary refill time, and urine output.

What is the difference between respiratory distress and respiratory failure?

Respiratory distress maintains adequate gas exchange, while respiratory failure does not, resulting in inadequate oxygenation.

What should be done in case of a foreign body airway obstruction in a conscious child?

Perform abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver).

What are common signs of shock in infants and children?

Tachycardia, pale cool clammy skin, and altered mental status.