Ab screening and Blood transfusion

Antibody screens are performed to detect antibodies in the following people:

○ Patients requiring transfusion.

○ Women who are pregnant or following delivery.

○ Patients with suspected transfusion reactions.

○ Blood and plasma donors

Traditional method for detecting antibodies

- IAT performed in a test tube

Tube Method

From group O individuals who have been typed for the

- Most common

- Most significant RBC antigens

RBC Reagents

The antibody screen may also be performed using a microtube

6 chamber/gel microtubules contained in a plastic card.

GEL METHOD

Gel method uses what kind of gel

Dextran acrylamide

Screen cells are suspended in LISS to a concentration of

0.8.

Low-Incidence (Frequency) Antigens

Lua Kpa V VS

Cw Wra Jsa Cob

AABB

ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF BLOOD AND BIOTHERAPIES

AABB is established in

1947

Provides a voluntary inspection and accreditation program for its member institutions, internationally.

COLLEGE OF AMERICAN PATHOLOGIST

Encompasses the medical history requirements for the donor, the (mini) physical examination, and serologic testing of the donor blood.

DONOR SCREENING

Developed by a task force that included representatives from the AABB, FDA, and the Blood & Plasma industry

Medical History Questionnaire

Age:

At least 18 years old (age of majority); if state law permits, 17 years old. According to the DOH manual (16-17 years old, needs parental consent. If >60, needs doctor’s consent)

Weight:

10.5 mL of blood/kg of donor weight

Pulse:

50 to 100 bpm

Blood pressure

systolic not higher than 180 mm Hg;

diastolic not higher than 100 mm Hg

Hemoglobin and Hct: for allogeneic donation

Greater than or equal to

12.5g/dL; >/ = 38%

Hemoglobin and Hct: for Autologous donation;

Hgb: 11g/dL; Hct: 33%

Temperature:

- Not exceed 37.5C or 99.5F

30 ml of copper sulfate in a beaker is enough for how many tests

25 tests

For both males and females- specific gravity by copper sulfate

>1.053

Hgb specific gravity

1.055-1.065

The postponement of an activity of action wherein individuals are disqualified from donating blood

DEFERRAL

Prospective donor is unable to donate blood for a limited period of time

Temporary Deferral

Prospective donor is unable to donate blood for someone else for an unspecified period of time due to current regulatory requirements.

- These donors may be eligible to donate autologous blood

Indefinite Deferral

○ Prospective donors will never be eligible to donate blood for someone else. These donors may be eligible to donate autologous blood. Some permanent deferrals may result from the testing performed on a previous donation.

Permanent Deferral

○ After treating any diseases - after a while, they can already donate blood

○ Active diseases under the treatment such as cold, flu, tuberculosis, syphilis, infections; curable diseases of the heart, lings, kidney, liver and gastrointestinal (GI) tract; and treatment with antibiot

Temporary

Following a delivery of a baby

For six weeks:

German measles (rubella) vaccination

○ After cessation of the drug isotretinoin (accutane) and finasteride (proscar)

For 1 month:

Smallpox vaccination:

14-21 days or until the scab has fallen off

For 2 months / 3 months

○ Recent blood donation

WB donation deferred after hemapheresis

For 48 hours:

○ After vaccination with oral polio, measles (rubeola).

○ Mumps or yellow fever.

For 2 weeks

Time interval between allogeneic WB donations:

8 weeks or 56 days or 2 months

○ In the Philippines it should be 3 months.

Apheresis donation:

at least 48 hours must pass before donating WB

Infrequent plasma apheresis:

4-week deferral

● Donates for his or her own use.

● Such a donor is referred to as the donor-patient.

AUTOLOGOUS DONORS

Aims to provide a supply of safe blood for patients undergoing surgery who might need a blood transfusion, at the same time increasing the patient’s total RBC mass due to the surgery.

Preoperative collection

Blood conservation technique that entails the removal of whole blood from a patient shortly after the induction of anesthesia with the maintenance of normal blood volume using crystalloid or colloid replacement fluids.

Acute normovolemic hemodilution

Intraoperative collection aka

cell salvage

Specific type of autologous blood donation.

Intraoperative collection

Involves the collection of blood loss during surgery via wound drains

Postoperative collection/salvage