Design History Final

Space

Size and shape to be designed.

Important aspects for space

sound - sound bounces off walls, open areas cannot constrain sound

Form

Overall shape of space and objects inside

Light

The amount and type, natural and artificial.

Examples for light

Candle can make an entire room light up depending on how it is reflecting with angles. Light projects images from stained glass onto the floor. Checkered floor used ballrooms - knew where to position yourself on the dance floor.

Color

Primary and secondary colors, as well as tone

Examples for color

Colorful castle built by queen’s husband. Iron ore used to make red/maroon (scraped off rust). Phosphorus and sulfur used to make yellow. Lapis lazuli used to make blue.

Line

the outline of the space

Examples of line

Lines from stairs outlines the river as water flows up when river fills up. Can add depth and texture. Lines with stairs showcase how you enter, outlines the movement.

Pattern

Repeating forms, lines, objects (found in nature a lot)

Examples of pattern

Tile patterns, painted on patterns. Patterns can represent religions and cultures.

Texture

Not only touch, interaction between light, color, and pattern.

Examples of texture

Tapestries used to dampen sound and keep rooms warm. Silk wallpapers. Polished brick floor reflects light. Shadows can bring out texture.

Balance and Alignment

Symmetry and formality ex: morril hall, assymetry and informality ex: arch hall

Radial Balance

A focal point somewhere in the room around which everything is focused

Emphasis

Similar to radial balance, but more generally demands attention, not necessarily what everything is organized around. Ex: artwork, pattern, texture

Contrast

the most striking of the principles to help define a space. Ex: white/black

Unity and Harmony

cohesion between the materials, shapes, and textures of the objects in a room

• -coordinating these objects for a sense of integrated design

Rhythm

Decorative repetition that catches the eye. Ex: use one consistent finish, pairing of counters with cabinets

Proportion and Scale

How objects fit in a room.

• Golden Ratio

• rule of thirds - leave object of focus to right or left not center

Details

The finishing touches, special interior touches make things unique.

What must be known when building a sewer system?

The topography of the area

Why was the housing act first started?

To get rid of slums

When did urban renewal end?

the 70s

What are the 3 US zoning zones?

residential, commercial, and industrial

What does US zoning force citizens to rely on?

transportation

What are two important things to think about when creating/making a city better?

1) the people’s opinion - make sure you have their support so you can create a strong sense of place

2) beauty matters

What must you take into consideration when designing a city?

how rivers flow

Boulevard

very wide street with space in the middle with markets

Generally, how do cities expand?

radially

What are the 7 principles of urban design?

sustainability, accessibility, open space, adaptability, density, diversity, and connectivity

What are US grid style cities based off of and who in the US favored this style?

Based of off Romans (quadrants), Thomas Jefferson favored it.

What did a lot of Lincoln’s bike trails used to be and what is this an eample of?

railroads, this is an example of organic growth

What does the design of Lincoln’s capitol building express?

That our government is of the people - you can see it everywhere, but it is not above the people.

What is US zoning based off of?

Germany’s use based zoning

How are most European cities different from the US in zoning?

They still have separation of use but they’re less strict and allow things that aren’t exactly in the category.

What is organic growth?

growth with the life of people and community

What is an example of organic growth in downtown Lincoln?

The Haymarket changed from trains and factories to restaurants and breweries to change with the people.

What role does culture play in organic growth?

People of one culture want to stay with their culture

How can we as designers extract a precise idea from the paatron?

learn about their background/culture

Eristic vs. Dialectic arguments

Eristic: aims to destroy another’s argument rather than search for the truth

Dialectic: discuss with goal of finding the truth together

What does space play a big role with?

sound

Real world example for space?

The louvre was made to provide light to underneath mall but also filled space left by unused courtyard of palace. Also an example of organic growth.

What can you do to fix the echo in a long hallway?

Put a staircase or something in the long hallway to break up the space and echo.

What does color always have?

A deeper meaning

What do a lot of patters have?

A meaning, a lot are used to unite cultures and people

What do interior spaces sometimes represent?

Nature - ex: vaults palm trees

What city is an example of not developing organically?

Washington D.C. - it was fully planned, every inch

What was Baghdad’s original city structure?

One big circle

How is Paris’ city structured?

circles and more circles

3 Facts about Building: Old City Hall

-Metal grillwork elevator

-2 architects worked on it, each liked a different style so building combines them

-Main entrance has Terrazo flooring

3 Facts about Building: Saint Mary’s Catholic Church

-Original Goth Revival style preserved

-corrugated Corinthian columns, large apsis

-one of the first churches in Lincoln

3 Facts about Building: Arch Hall

-Biggest urinals besides NYC

-old library: first real library for university

-used walnut shell to renovate staircase

3 Facts about Building: J.C. Ridnour Building

-first to use brick and reinforced concrete

-has original boiler

-original facade made in art deco period

3 Facts about Building: Grand Manse

-architect built post offices

-first use was a courthouse

-limestone from India for exterior

3 Facts about Building: UNL Colosseum

-Romanesque style

-frieze that spells out name

-brick everywhere, red brick and limestone

3 Facts about Building: Federal Trust Building

-beginning of KILN radio station was here

-occupied by many businesses

-original vault from federal reserve bank

3 Facts about Building: Oldfather Hall

-built during rapid university growth

-concrete sourced in Lincoln

-modernist style

3 Facts about Building: South Street Temple

-Moorish and Byzantine styles

-red, yellow, and blue in brickwork and stained glass to represent traditional Islamic buildings

-large stained glass with star of David

3 Facts about Building: The Stuart Building

-originally mixed use (still is)

-bottom floors is now rococo theater - used to be movie theater

-gargoyles at top to emphasize its height

3 Facts about Building: Newman Center

-english collegiate gothic tradtion

-limestone masonry

-stained glass, dome in nave

3 Facts about Building: Westminster Church

-interior details made with Christian symbolism

-hand carved wood chambers

-bricks, dark and red oak

3 Facts about Building: Nebraska State Capitol-Rotunda

-third capitol in Nebraska’s history

-no one died during construction

-has elements about the state (state bird and buffalo)

3 Facts about Building: Morrill Hall

-$3.9 million renovation in 80s (big thing being AC)

-Georgia revival and neoclassical style

-Archie<3

3 Facts about Building: First United Methodist Church

-Stained glass dome

-3-sided balcony

-detailed stained glass

3 Facts about Building: Fairview

-William Jennings Bryan’s home

-Bryan hospital surrounds building

-bronze lion statues - one closed one open mouth

3 Facts about Building: Andrews Hall

-named after UNL chancellor

-college of dentristry and now arts and sciences

-floor 2 checkered floors, floor 1 marble

3 Facts about Building: Hayward Place

-Organic Growth

-oldest school house: LPS special ed facility

-late renaissance revival

-German and Russian immigrant population

3 Facts about Building: BurrBlock Building

-downtown Lincoln growth

-Burr brothers - US verterans admin

-called Anderson building for time