Unit 6: Adults & Older Adults

Men are more likely to seek tertiary care. Why?

late-stage b/c they have reluctance to seek care and lack cultural/age appropriate services

Women are more likely to seek primary and secondary treatment. Why?

seek care early d/t reproductive health needs, contraception and pregnancy/OB care availability

Cardiovascular disease is caused by…

atherosclerosis (plaque buildup → reduced blood flow)

What are mammograms?

Used for breast cancer screening

What’s concern for mammograms?

overdiagnosis → unnecessary treatment

What are the types of cervical cancer screening?

pap and HPV test

What’s a pap test?

detects precancerous cervical cell changes

what’s HPV test?

detects virus causing cervical cancer

what are the USPSTF recommendations for 21-29 year olds?

Pap smear every 3 years

what are the USPSTF recommendations for 60-65 year olds?

Pap every 3 years OR HPV test every 5 years OR Both every 5 years

What’s the ost common STI in the US?

HPV (Human Papillomavirus)

HPV is known to cause…

90% of cervical cancer

What women populations Higher incidence of cervical cancer?

Hispanic women & Black women

What population of women have Highest mortality of cervical cancer?

Black women

Why do women live longer than men?

• Estrogen (protective effect)

• Socioeconomic factors (SES)

• Higher education levels

• Biological differencesa

Men tend to have fewer…

routine visits & more ER visits (present sicker)

Higher hostility/stress…

increases risk of heart disease

Men more likely to change health behaviors when…

Encouraged by family (especially female family members)

What’s the average diagnosis age for testicular cancer?

33 years old

When should prostate screenings begin?

after 50 years of age

When should colorectal screenings be done?

starts at 45 years of age and every 3-5 years after that

How can caregiving affect someone?

lost wages, reduced work hrs, and financial strain

What’s the TLC model?

used to prevent caregiver crisis through training, leaving and caring for self

What’s TLC stand for?

• training safe care techniques, med management, recognition of health changes

• leaving time away from caregiving, rest and personal space

• caring for self by getting sleep, nutrition, exercise, stress management and social support

What’s known as young old?

ages 50-65 where they are active and still working

What’s known as middle old?

Traditional retirement age (~65) shifting upward

What’s known as old old?

older than 80 (fastest growing aging group)

People 65+ are expected to reach…

double of population 80 million

People 85+ are expected to …

nearly quadruple

Fraility increases…

after the age of 85

What are the S&S of frailty?

3 or more S&S of

• Unintentional weight loss (≥10 lbs/year)Exhaustion

• Weak grip strength

• Slow walking speed

• Low physical activity

Hospitalization can trigger…

cascade to dependency (loss of function after acute illness)

What are the sources of income for 65+ population?

Social Security (largest source), Earnings (still working), Pensions & Asset income

What’s the primary insurance for 65+ population?

medicare which cover hospital care, short-term rehab and some hospice/home health

What are Healthy People 2030 priorities for older adults focused on?

Preventing decline through fall prevention, chronic disease management, cognitive health, and promoting healthy aging.

What are ADLs?

activities of daily living like Bathing/showering, Dressing, Toileting, Transferring (bed/chair), Walking & Eating

What are IADLs?

instrumental activites of daily living like Using phone, Shopping, Cooking, Housekeeping, Transportation, Managing medications & Managing finances

Why are older adults at increased risk of hypothermia?

due to poor heating, low body fat, meds & poor nutrition

What are the S&S of hypothermia for older adults?

confusion, slow speech, shivering, weak pulse

What is the treatment for hypothermia for older adults?

slow rewarming (core first), warm fluids, emergency care if severe

A heat stroke is known to be a…

medical emergency

What are S&S of heat exhaustion?

weakness, nausea, clammy skin

What are S&S of heat stroke?

hot dry skin, confusion, possible collapse

Whats the treatment for heat stress?

rapid cooling & emergency care

What’s the #1 cause of injury and unitentional death in older adults?

falls

What are the common outcomes of falls in older adults?

Hip fracture, Traumatic brain injury (TBI) & Loss of independence

What’s polypharmacy?

Taking multiple medications at once

Polypharmacy increases the risk of

drug interactions, adverse effects, falls & confusion

Sensory impairment increases the risk of…

Falls, Medication errors, Social isolation & Injury (heat/cold misjudgment)

Traumatic Brain Injury is one of the highest rates of…

hospitalization and death for older adults (recover slow)

What are older adults biggest fear, rather than death?

Pain, loss of mobility and dependency

What’s alzheimer’s disease?

Progressive and irreversible where it starts of w/ mild memory loss into total dependece

What’s elder abuse?

willful infliction of pain, injury, or debilitating mental anguish; unreasonable confinement; or deprivation by a caretaker of services that are necessary to maintain mental and physical health.

What’s domestic abuse?

is abuse that occurs in the home

What’s institutional abuse?

is abuse that occurs in a nursing home or other residential care facility.

Self-neglect is

abuse that occurs when a person living alone threatens his or her own health or safety.

What’s the most common type of elder abuse

neglect

What’s neglect abuse?

self-imposed or caused by another person where there is dehydration, malnutrition, untreated health problems, bedsores, unclean or inappropriate clothing, and weight loss.

Depression can be mistaken for…

normal aging, chronic illness & cognitive decline

What population is at higher risk of suicide?

Non-Hispanic White older men

What are some warning signs of suicide?

Hopelessness, Withdrawal, Talking about death, Giving away belongings & Sudden mood changes