wk11 veterinary viruses 1

What is the family of Contagious Pustular Dermatitis Virus (Orf)?

Poxviridae

What is the genome type of contagious pustular dermatitis virus (orf)?

large; dsDNA

What is the genus of Contagious Pustular Dermatitis Virus (Orf)?

Parapoxvirus

-ovoid; complex

Which host species are affected by Contagious Pustular Dermatitis Virus (Orf)?

Sheep, goats, humans

How is Contagious Pustular Dermatitis Virus (Orf) transmitted?

Direct contact and fomites

What is the incubation period of Contagious Pustular Dermatitis Virus (Orf)?

2-14 days

What clinical signs are seen with Contagious Pustular Dermatitis Virus (Orf)?

Skin lesions, typically on the lips, but may affect nose, eyelids, ears, oral cavity, udder, wounds, skin near hoof or between claws

What are the differential diagnoses for Contagious Pustular Dermatitis Virus (Orf)?

Foot-and-mouth disease; bluetongue

What is the primary diagnostic assay for Contagious Pustular Dermatitis Virus (Orf)?

PCR

What samples are used to diagnose Contagious Pustular Dermatitis Virus (Orf)?

• fresh, frozen, or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded scabs or vesicular skin lesions

• lesion swabs (plastic/synthetic)

• cell cultures or supernatants

Is there a specific treatment for Contagious Pustular Dermatitis Virus (Orf)?

No specific treatment

WTF????

contagious pustular dermatitis virus (orf)

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contagious pustular dermatitis virus (orf)

is there a specific treatment for contagious pustular dermatitis virus?

no

What precautions should be taken with Contagious Pustular Dermatitis Virus (Orf)?

• Wear gloves; it’s zoonotic

• use insect repellents to prevent myiasis

• separate animals with scabs

What is the family of Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis virus?

Retroviridae

What is the genome type of Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis virus?

enveloped; ssRNA

What is the genus of Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis virus?

Lentivirus

Which host species are affected by Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis virus?

Goats

t/f: caprine arthritis and encephalitis virus integrates viral DNA into the host genome

true

How is Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis virus transmitted?

Ingestion of infected colostrum to kids; also direct contact, fomites, contaminated milk, blood (shared needles)

What percentage of infected goats show clinical signs of Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis virus?

Only 20%

What clinical signs occur with Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis virus?

• Polysynovitis-arthritis (adults)

• encephalomyelitis (kids)

• chronic pneumonia, mastitis, weight loss

How is Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis virus diagnosed?

• Serology: detect anti-CAEv antibodies

  • if POS and <90d old, likely reflects maternal antibodies

• PCR: detect viral nucleic acid

• post mortem → PCR of tissue samples

What samples are used for Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis virus testing anti-mortem?

Whole blood for PCR; serum for ELISA

Is there a vaccine for Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis virus?

No vaccine available (supportive care)

WTF??????????????

caprine arthritis and encephalitis virus disease

??????? (irdk whats wrong w this)

caprine arthritis and encephalitis virus disease

How is Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis virus managed?

• Isolate kids at birth

• feed heat-treated colostrum and pasteurized milk

• cull seropositive goats

What is the family of Equine Infectious Anemia virus?

Retroviridae

What is the genome type of Equine Infectious Anemia virus?

enveloped; ssRNA

What is the genus of Equine Infectious Anemia virus?

Lentivirus

Which host species are affected by Equine Infectious Anemia virus?

Horses

How is Equine Infectious Anemia virus transmitted?

Blood-borne via biting flies as mechanical vectors and shared needles (iatrogenic route)

What is the incubation period of Equine Infectious Anemia virus?

15-45 days

What are the acute clinical signs of Equine Infectious Anemia virus?

recurrent febrile episodes, thrombocytopenia, anemia, weight loss, dependent edema, death

What are the chronic clinical signs of Equine Infectious Anemia virus?

if survive acute phase, become chronic, asymptomatic carriers

t/f: equine infectious anemia virus disease is a WOAH (world organization for animal health) notifiable disease

true

What tests diagnose Equine Infectious Anemia virus?

ELISA or AGID (Coggins)

what diagnostic samples are used for equine infectious anemia virus diagnosis

serum- both tests detect antibodies

????????????????????????????????????????????

equine infectious anemia virus

Is there a vaccine or treatment for Equine Infectious Anemia virus?

No vaccine; no specific treatment

What happens to horses with confirmed Equine Infectious Anemia virus infection?

• They are euthanized

• recommendations:

  • test all new herd additions

  • annually test all horses

What is the family of Equine herpesviruses?

Herpesviridae

What is the genome type of Equine herpesviruses?

dsDNA (replicates in the nucleus → intranuclear inclusion bodies)

What is the morphology of Equine herpesviruses?

icosahedral capsid, enveloped

What is the host species of Equine herpesviruses?

horses

What is the incubation period of Equine herpesviruses?

2-10 days

What diagnostics are common for Equine herpesviruses?

PCR or virus isolation

Is there a specific treatment for Equine herpesviruses?

No specific treatment; supportive care

different diagnoses for respiratory of equine herpesvirus disease

EHV-1, EHV-4, S. equi ssp. equi, equine influenza A, equine viral arteritis

different diagnoses for abortion of equine herpesvirus disease

EHV-1, EAV, lepto

different diagnoses for neurologic of equine herpesvirus disease

EHV-1, WNV, EEE, sarcocystis neurona

What vaccines are available for Equine herpesviruses?

EHV-4 and EHV-1 (respiratory)

What disease is caused by EHV-3?

Coital exanthema

How is EHV-3 transmitted?

Direct sexual contact and fomites (gloves, contaminated instruments)

What is the incubation period of EHV-3?

4-10 days

What clinical signs occur with EHV-3?

• circular, red nodules on vulvar and vaginal mucosa, clitoral sinus, penis, prepuce, and perineal skin → ulceration → scarring

How is EHV-3 treated?

Sexual rest/isolation; topical antibiotics as needed

WTF????????????

EHV-3 disease - coital exanthema

What does arboviral mean in vector-borne equine encephalitides?

Spread by arthropod vector

What family does West Nile Virus belong to?

Flaviviridae

What is the genome type of WNV?

ssRNA

What genus does West Nile Virus belong to?

Flavivirus

What are the host species for West Nile Virus?

Birds as reservoir; horses and humans dead end

How is West Nile Virus transmitted?

Mosquito → horse

What clinical signs occur with West Nile Virus?

fever, discomfort, malaise; neuro signs → paralysis → death

What is the mortality rate of West Nile Virus?

10%

50% if clinical signs

How is West Nile Virus diagnosed?

PCR

What samples are used for West Nile Virus diagnosis?

• mammal: brain, spinal cord

• bird: kidney, heart, liver, spleen

How is West Nile Virus prevented?

commerical vaccine available; mosquito control (minimize standing water; use of insecticides)

how are EEE and WEE transmitted

mosquitos

Who are the reservoir hosts for EEE and WEE?

Birds

Are humans and horses dead-end hosts for EEE and WEE?

Yes

What diagnostics are used for vector-borne equine encephalitides?

PCR

What PPE should be worn during necropsy for vector-borne equine encephalitides?

PPE including N95 mask

What vaccines are available for vector-borne equine encephalitides?

EEE, WEE, VEE, and WNV